Trait-Based Polarization: Analyzing Partisans' Assessments of Americans’ Traits

• In Event: How Americans See Each Other across Lines of Division

Abstract

Scholars utilize several means of measuring affective polarization. Traditionally, studies of affective polarization rely on feeling thermometers to measure sentiment toward political parties. However, other enlightening measures exist such as trait-based ratings. This under-studied measure of polarization allows researchers to assess the degree to which Americans view political actors as embodying positive and negative traits. I argue that to fully understand how affective polarization permeates everyday American society, we need to address how Americans view fellow and opposing partisans’ traits. I further argue that disaggregating positive and negative trait indices for individual analysis provides nuanced insight into how Democrats and Republicans view in- and out-party supporters. Using an original survey administered within the 2022 CES, I analyze both aggregate and individual trait assessments of American partisans. Preliminary evidence supports my hypothesis that trait-based measures of affective polarization warrant individual analysis. I also find evidence suggesting that partisans are more willing to say their political opponents do not embody positive traits than they are willing to say opponents do embody negative traits. This research provides important insights into how Americans view opposing partisans in particular. More broadly, this analysis sheds light on how affective polarization affects interpersonal relationships and everyday life in the United States.

Author

• Jenna Pedersen, Washington University in St. Louis