The Political Psychology of Income Inequality Perceptions in South Korea

• In Event: Poster Session: Current and Classical Topics in Political Psychology & State Politics and Policy
  In Poster Session: Poster Session: Current and Classical Topics in Political Psychology

Abstract

This research examines why ethnically homogeneous East Asian countries, like South Korea, exhibit substantial support for wealth redistribution in spite of lower income inequality levels. Utilizing social comparison theory, which posits that individuals comparing themselves to wealthier peers are likely to perceive inequality as unfair (Condon and Wichowsky 2020), we extend the theory's application from its common U.S. context to one with different socioeconomic dynamics, including low economic inequality, minimal segregation, and extensive media exposure. Our survey experiment in South Korea assesses the impact of cross-class comparisons on perceptions of income inequality and redistribution support. Findings suggest that such comparisons significantly increase the perception of inequality itself and the perceived need for redistribution. Additionally, these comparisons diminish social trust and self-esteem while increasing anxiety. These psychological effects are more pronounced among those with higher indirect media contact, indicating the media's influential role in economic perception. This study not only confirms the relevance of social comparison theory in a new setting but also highlights the intricate relationship between media, individual economic perception, and policy preferences, contributing valuable insights into the formulation and public reception of economic policies.

Authors

• Yeaji Kim, California State University, Dominguez Hills

• John Seungmin Kuk, Michigan State University