Adams & Jefferson on the Problem of Oligarchy

• In Event: The Founders' Evolving Constitution

Abstract

Among the most spirited moments of the late-life correspondence between Adams and Jefferson was their exchange on the topic of elite power. For Adams it was personal. Having been characterized by Jefferson and his acolytes as an apostate to the republican cause and a sympathizer with aristocratic nobility, Adams was intent to correct the record. But over a remarkable series of letters, Adams and Jefferson transcended personal squabbles and entered into a probing discussion of political theory. How might elite power persist even in a society where nobility is banished? Can the power of oligarchs be effectively contained or counteracted? What is the proper role, if any, of meritocratic elites in a democratic society? These questions remain relevant long after Adams and Jefferson formulated them. Political theorists in the 20th century would confront the same vexing issues as they attempted to reconcile modern democratic ideals with the stubborn persistence of elite power. And the questions posed by Adams and Jefferson remain as urgent as ever in the 21st century, as widening economic inequality threatens to undermine democratic institutions.

Author

• Luke Mayville, Boise State University