How Does China’s Investment Affect the Democratic Decline in the Philippines?

• In Event: Foreign Policy Meddling

Abstract

Chinese investments in Southeast Asian countries have profoundly impacted their economic and political environments. Since 2016, the Philippines has gradually become an essential recipient of Chinese investment. Simultaneously, The Philippines became one of the Asian countries with the most rapid democratic decline. Former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte has resorted to populist tactics and criticized the opposition to consolidate his rule. The election of the Philippines’ current leader Bonbong Marcos, the son of a former dictator, further demonstrates the country’s authoritarian tendencies. Investments from China have provided the Philippines’ political leaders with a full range of economic, infrastructural, and diplomatic support. The direct economic performance and additional benefits generated by the investment have underpinned the populist dictatorships of the last two Philippine leaders. Currently, China is emerging as a major power with the intention of dominating its surrounding areas, including Southeast Asia. As an authoritarian country, China will undoubtedly export authoritarian ideas to the world and support other authoritarian regimes.

The expansion of Chinese investment in the Philippines and its correlation with the decline of democracy highlights the complex interplay between economic influence and political change. From a theoretical perspective, this article relies on realism and dependency theory to explore the significant impact of great power on small power and how economic investment in developed economies affects the political structure of developing countries. This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of how authoritarian powers provide economic means to influence the political systems of other countries in the context of globalization.

From a policy perspective, this research is critical for strategies to balance economic interdependence with national interests and political sovereignty. The Philippines currently faces the dual challenge of engaging in economic cooperation with major powers while maintaining political independence and democratic values. This study provides a framework for understanding these challenges and guides policymakers in understanding the opportunities and threats that authoritarian states pose to their economic development and democratic practices.

Author

• Yuxiang Chen, Duke University