Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Impression management is a central topic in interpersonal communication. There is recent growing interest in examining impression management in new media. However, there is a lack of studies exploring impression management in the popular instant messaging application, WhatsApp. The present study aims to fill this gap and extend impression-management theory toward an innovative theoretical and analytical framework. We argue and establish that WhatsApp alters the impression-management process and structure. The study used a multi-variant design of quantitative and qualitative analysis, which contains content analysis of WhatsApp profiles (n = 440); an online survey of WhatsApp users (n = 600); and in-depth interpersonal interviews (n = 30). The proposed framework uniquely defines complex impression construction that both reduce and increase information. The study explains the motivations and communication functions of impression-management and develops the presented framework in relation to gender and marital status.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This paper reports the results of an experiment that employed a 2 (low information vs. high information) by 2 (male profile vs. female profile) replicated design to investigate the relationship between the amount of information shared in an SNS profile and the impressions that profile viewers form about the profile owner. Study participants also completed a three-item voyeuristic curiosity scale. The results reveal that profile viewers formed more positive impressions about profiles that contained more information. This positive relationship between amount of information in a profile and impression scores was stronger for female profiles. The three-way interaction between amount of information, profile owner’s gender, and profile viewer’s voyeuristic curiosity was such that for female profiles, more information elicited a stronger increase in positive evaluations among respondents with high voyeuristic curiosity than among respondents with low voyeuristic curiosity; whereas for male profiles, more information elicited positive evaluations among profile viewers with low voyeuristic curiosity but not among profile viewers with high voyeuristic curiosity.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Two studies examined the impression formed of self-promoters who actively work on creating the right context for their boasts. According to previous research, self-promotion in response to a question is perceived more positively. The current research claims that people commonly encourage their interactants to ask them a question pertaining to their success and investigates the resulting impressions created. In study 1, speakers were perceived more negatively when they raised the issue relevant to their self-promotion. However, this was the case only when their interactant did not ask them a question concerning their success. In study 2, when the self-promotion followed a question, the speaker was perceived similarly when he asked his interactant the same question and when he did not.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: The on-line model of candidate evaluation has been
offered to explain how individuals incorporate information about
political candidates into their impressions of those candidates,
without necessarily remembering the information that contributed
to such impressions (Hastie and Park 1986; Lodge, McGraw, and Stroh
1989; Lodge, Steenbergen, and Brau 1995). Empirical examinations of
this model of impression formation have relied almost exclusively on
textual sources of information (e.g. candidate fact sheets) about
political candidates (Lodge, et al 1989; Lodge, et al 1995; McGraw and
Pinney 1990; McGraw and Steenbergen 1995; McGraw, Hasecke, and Conger
2003; Redlawsk 2001). Given the public’s greater reliance on televised
sources of political information, accounting for any differences in
impression formation when the information source is television as
opposed to a textual document could prove an important step in
understanding processes of public opinion formation. Drawing on
evidence from a controlled laboratory experiment in which the same
information about a fictional candidate is conveyed via a television
infomercial and via a candidate fact sheet, this study examines to what
extent television discourages on-line processes of candidate
evaluation. This expectation derives from an anxiety-driven model of
candidate evaluation. One important way in which television is argued
to differ from textual sources of information is in its tendency to
engage viewers’ emotionally (Neuman, Just, and Crigler 1992; Robinson
and Levy 1986). One emotion in particular, anxiety, is correlated with
higher levels of attention to the political environment and greater
information retention (Marcus, Neuman, and MacKuen 2000; MacKuen,
Marcus, Neuman, Keele, and Wolak 2001). This suggests that if
television encourages anxiety, it makes greater demands on information
processing resources than do other media sources. In line with limited
capacity models of information processing (Lang 2000), this allocation
of limited cognitive resources to the processing of anxiety-inducing
information inhibits other cognitive processes, including
time-of-exposure impression formation. Thus, television might
discourage on-line impression formation, and by fiat encourage
candidate evaluation based on what people can recall from memory at the
time they are called upon to form a summary judgment. This possibility
is discussed in light of findings that recall of candidate-specific
information over time is less than optimal (Lodge, et al 1995). If
television encourages memory-based candidate evaluation, the argument
could be made that this medium contributes to aggregate attitude
instability by encouraging opinions based on fallible memories. Survey
data from The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press
cataloguing media consumption habits and public opinion of political
figures over time will be examined to explore this
possibility.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Previous research in communications and psychology confirms that literal trait (e.g., “hostile”) and stereotype (e.g., “African-American”) expectancies can influence a perceiver’s interpretation of ambiguous information about a target person. In some cases, however, perceivers may possess a metaphorical expectancy regarding a target person (e.g., “My boss is a baby”). The present research demonstrates that metaphorical language of this nature can produce analogous effects on the interpretation of ambiguous information about a person. Participants received a behavioral passage about a person named Donald that was ambiguous with regard to hostility. The passage also included a metaphor which described Donald. The metaphor either implied hostility (“Donald is a pit-bull”, “Donald is a Nazi”) or was neutral (“Donald is a bird”). The serial position of the metaphor was also manipulated, with the metaphor either coming at the beginning or at the end of the passage. Participants then rated Donald and his behaviors along a series of trait dimensions. Results showed that participants rated Donald’s behaviors to be significantly more hostile when the metaphor implied hostility and when it came before the ambiguous paragraph rather than after (B = -0.570, p = 0.04), suggesting that metaphors act as an expectancy or frame that guides the processing and interpretation of subsequently presented information.

Publication Type: GIFTS
Abstract: This lively and fast-paced three-part exercise helps students decide what kind of impression they want to make when speaking in public, construct a message designed to make that impression, receive feedback from their classmates, and reflect on that feedback. The students have fun with this exercise and find it gives them powerful self-knowledge.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This research examines impression management strategies that high-ranking organizational executives employ to create an identity for themselves and their companies via executive-authored Weblogs (blogs). It attempts to identify specific patterns of impression management strategies by applying Jones’ (1990) taxonomy to analyze the content of this particular type of computer-mediated communication. The study revealed that executive bloggers frequently employ three impression management strategies to construct and shape a positive identity for themselves with their publics.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Immigration policy is one of the most salient political topics within the American public and hence, a critical issue for members of US Congress to form public impressions. The aim of this paper is to illustrate how US Senators portray the issue of immigration on their government websites. Through a content analysis of immigration issue website statements, I find that the most frequent framing of immigration is that of security threat, often in conjunction with a frame focusing on economic strength. Multivariate analysis explores how political party, percentage of immigrant population, and whether or not the state is on a border, affects which frames are utilized by the Senators. I find that political party, immigrant population, and border location all affect the use of the security threat frame. Of the five other frames tested, three other patterns emerged; political party affects the cultural strength frame, immigrant population impacts the economic strength frame, and border location influences the cultural threat frame. This paper discusses the implications of these results for social dominance theory, democratic representation, and the importance of how the issue of immigration is framed by political elite.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: A central feature of social networking sites like Facebook or the German equivalent StudiVZ is the possibility to become a member of groups whose names can be displayed on one’s online profile. This behavior might either be motivated by the wish to affiliate with other people and build new relationships or by impression management tendencies. We conducted three studies (content analysis, qualitative interview, online survey) to investigate the motives for users to become a member of these groups. A content analysis with 100 profiles demonstrated that users do not actively discuss or contribute postings within groups. The qualitative interview (N=12) indicated that users select their groups carefully in order to influence the impression readers will form. Finally, an online survey with 128 participants confirms that people intentionally use the group memberships to engage in self-presentation with regard to their interests and attitudes. However, the frequency of actual contributions within the group is affected by the individual need to affiliate.

Publication Type: Poster
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Thin slice methodology was used to study influences of jurors’ first impressions of expert witnesses on credibility and verdict. A 2 (non-deliberating vs. deliberating jury) X 3 (observing 30 seconds, 5 minutes, or 10 minutes of expert witness testimony) between subjects design was implemented. Pilot data revealed that deliberation moderated the effect of exposure to witness testimony on juror level outcomes. Data collection for Part II is in progress. Potential moderating subject variables and qualitative analysis of deliberations will also be assessed. Findings will inform understanding how impressions of expert witnesses translate from the juror to the deliberation room.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: In juvenile residential treatment centers (RTCs), staff strive to create or provide a particular environment or climate for adolescent clients. Such climate includes that staff members are supportive and understanding, genuinely care about clients, and make efforts to create a safe residence. Staff expected that climate would “break the ice” and promote a collaborative working relationship between service providers and clients, which is believed to be the foundation for service delivery. Do clients perceive the treatment climate as staff expected? This paper uses the qualitative data from a research partnership, Service Outcomes Action Research (SOAR), between the University at Albany and two juvenile welfare agencies to examine youths’ first impressions (right after admission) about the RTCs, and the associations of these impressions with early engagement in treatment and other staff actions. It further examines the change in these impressions from early to mid-point of stay. The findings may provide insights about treatment climate in RTC and implications on improving staff’s daily practices.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Based on a televised debate in the 2005 German national election, this study compares the influence of verbal, visual and paralinguistic communication on viewers’ immediate impressions of political candidates by using an innovative research design. A second-by-second content analysis of 17 verbal, nonverbal and paralinguistic message elements is combined with a second-by-second analysis of viewers’ immediate impressions using Continuous Response Measurement (CRM). Findings show that viewers’ immediate impressions are mainly influenced by verbal communication, especially the issues discussed and the argumentation used. In contrast to that, the often cited “power of visual behavior” is negligible. The causes and implications of these findings are discussed.

Publication Type: Poster
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Inmate accounts were employed in an examination of gang activities in medium security prisons in two states. Based on narratives provided by the inmates gangs are formed based on several criteria. Inmates from Texas and Ohio report that others join gangs to gain respect or to reduce the amount of fear while incarcerated. The theme of respect as a catalyst for inmate behavior suggests that the prison subculture is dominated by a conscience attempt at impression management of ones' image.

Publication Type: Invited Paper
Abstract: The Virginia and North Carolina state legislatures in the fall of 1862 began impressing slaves for government work. As the Confederate Congress also passed legislation to impress slave laborers for Confederate service, scores of impressed slaves in North Carolina worked for the Engineer Bureau, digging trenches and building fortifications around the major cities, rivers, ports, and railroad lines of the two states. Enslaved laborers complained about their conditions and slaveholders objected to slave impressment for both practical and ideological reasons. Jaime Martinez tackles slave impressments in North Carolina and evaluates the merging of wartime necessity as well as the longstanding Southern concerns of paternalism, economics, and reforming the institution of slavery.

Publication Type: Abstract
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Research surrounding facial expressions indicates that humans are capable of detecting and interpreting subtle expressions, even without conscious effort. In this proposed study, the researchers aim to examine whether or not unconsciously perceived micro-expressions have an effect on the attitudes of the observer towards the individual exhibiting the micro-expressions. Participants will watch a televised presidential speech given in 1990 by Former President George H.W. Bush. Half of the participants will be shown the full speech while the other half of the participants will be shown the speech with several micro-expressions elicited from Former President Bush removed from the video. Prior to and immediately following viewing the clip, participants will be given the PANAS, Big Five, and BMIS inventory scales in order to determine their attitudes and emotions at those particular moments in time. The principle investigator hopes to provide evidence that the observance of micro-expressions help to form attitudes and emotions of those viewing the micro-expressions.

Publication Type: Panel Paper
Abstract: Previous scholarship on sacred images in the lives of women has emphasized the belief that response itself could be gendered, i.e., that the female body could be altered by exposure to images. For instance, practices of dissection and embalming by evisceration in late medieval and early modern Italy, particularly within convents, reveal cases in which iconic objects are apparently found within the bodies of religious women. In this context, the female (considered to be passive) was positioned as the material on which an image was impressed. This paper proposes that the early modern phenomenon of the female incorruptible relic body may be considered within the tradition of the belief in the female body as impressionable. I will trace a connection between cases of the visionary holy woman’s corporeal response to devotional images in life and the presentation and reception of the female relic corpse as impressed sacred object in death.

Publication Type: Panel Paper
Abstract: Travel narratives about the Scandinavian countries are rare before Carl Linnaeus explored Sweden in the eighteenth century and put his observations into writing. At the northern edge of Europe the Scandinavian countries were close and yet remote from the central parts of the Continent. The Hanseatic League had established close trade relations with many Northern towns that became home to German merchants and tradesmen. The paper will investigate from a literary perspective the representation of Scandinavia and their inhabitants in two sixteenth-century German travel narratives with the aim to lay bare the narrative strategies for processing and transmitting new knowledge of the world. It will focus on ways of seeing, viewing, and perceiving the world – on aspects of communication between narrator and reader, narrator and characters, and between characters in the text when establishing notions of “I/we,” “them”/“us,” “here”/“there,” and so forth.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Modern web pages, particularly social network sites (SNS) continue to prominently display user-data. Research in the fields of communication technology and interpersonal communication have explored effects of numerous system-generated cues (e.g., Facebook friends, Amazon star ratings, YouTube view counts). However, despite the prevalence of system-displayed, aggregate-user representation cues, there is little research that differentiates and compares their effects. This study utilized YouTube's behavioral and evaluative system-generated cue sets and found support for bandwagon effects and heuristic processing (MAIN Model). The 4 [view count] x 4 [thumbs up proportion] factorial experiment showed that message credibility, website credibility, and a target's trustworthiness, competence, and task attractiveness increased as the thumbs up proportions increased. No effect was found for manipulations of view count. These results suggest that system-generated cues may only affect judgments via the direct signal of the information, and that more complex inferences may not be used in interpreting cues online.

Publication Type: Panel Paper
Abstract: As early as in 1998, Zhang Yimou ventured into natural setting for theatrical performance by staging Turandot at the Forbidden City. Since 2000, the spectacular appeal of his outdoor themed performances at the scenic tourist spots—named the Impression series--have attracted thousands of audience, generated billions of revenue, and extensive media coverage. In this paper, I will examine the makings and receptions of the Impression series, specifically, how Zhang Yimou and his production team utilize and transform the natural landscape into a performative space, how the traditional folk culture is made to appeal modern gaze, and how these performances fit in the operation of cultural industry in a consumer-orientated society. I argue as spectacles, the Impression series works in a society mixed with lingering socialism and overwhelming consumerism like contemporary China in a twofold way. On the one hand, the performances are seemingly disengaged with politics and nonchalant to ongoing social issues thus do not jeopardize themselves in censorship for being critical of the society. On the other hand, the form of the Impression series shows an uncanny resemblance with the aesthetics during the high Socialism from 1949-1976, especially in terms of emphasis on the grand in every sense of the word. By comparing the Impression series to some representative high Socialist works, for example, the epic musical The East is Red (1966), I will demonstrate the linkage between the Impression series and Socialist art in aesthetics, conceptualization, and execution.

Publication Type: Poster Sessions
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This poster presents the preliminary findings of a dissertation-based case study examining self-presentation strategies in asynchronous online discussions (AOD). The study is based in a Midwest university that uses AOD in almost all of its courses, and the research participants approaching graduation. Please join in a discussion of what students had to say about their experiences, as well as what has been learned through an analysis of the transcripts.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: The emergence of Location-Based-Real-Time-Dating (LBRTD) apps such as Tinder, has introduced a new way for users to get to know potential partners nearby. The design of the app represents a departure from "oldschool" dating sites as it leaves plenty of space for pictures, but only minimal room for self-description. This might change the way individuals decide to portray themselves as their real, ideal or ought-to self. Based on empirical data collected in the Netherlands, we try to assess how Tinder users present themselves, exploring at the same time the impact of their personality and their motives of use.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Drawing from the work of Veblen and early Symbolic Interactionism theorists, this paper demonstrates how people manage the impressions of their future dead self before they die and the role of conspicuous consumption in this process. I also discuss how the dead self requires continued maintenance by the living and how the living can use the authority of impression management to impose a double-consciousness on the deceased. Not only are impressions of the deceased managed by the living, but the living use the deceased as a prop for their own impression management. Thus the living’s relationship with the deceased becomes a status signal within itself. Signification and power are an integral part of death preparation, impression management of the deceased and the use of the deceased as a prop of impression management. Thus, death is inherently social, and the dead self persists after life. I discuss how these processes occur both in person and online.

Publication Type: Panel Paper
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: In June 1478, Cardinal Jean Rolin affixed his seal to a bull of indulgence. Although damaged, missing areas can be reconstructed from a Gaignières drawing depicting the Virgin and Child flanked by two angels in the upper register; Saints Stephen, John the Baptist and Lazarus in the central niche; and beneath a mitred bishop. In the same decade Rolin commissioned an unknown artist to decorate the walls of his private chapel, the Chapelle Saint-Léger in Notre-Dame in Beaune. The murals depict the "Stoning of Saint Stephen", the "Resurrection of Lazarus" and Martha and Mary Magdalene. This paper will investigate the extraordinarily close relationship between the iconography of this painted decoration and that of Rolin’s 1478 seal at a complex time in Burgundian politics. It will explore the cardinal's deliberate crafting of his personal identity by looking at expressions of his status as both bishop at Autun and cardinal in Rome.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Both scholarly and popular works suggest that candidates should be penalized for taking extreme positions. And yet, polarization in the U.S. Congress continues to grow. Using data from the 2010 U.S. House elections, I explore the possibility that extreme candidates win office because the positions they take may send signals about another important variable in the voting calculus: candidate quality. More specifically, I hypothesize that extreme candidates may be perceived as rating higher on personal qualities that voters value, such as honesty or integrity. These findings have important implications for the studies of polarization, candidate positioning, and voting behavior, as they may help explain why voters continue to support candidates who are not necessarily the most proximate.

Publication Type: Panel Paper
Abstract: This paper will at cinema of the period Perestroika, post-Perestroika, and final Soviet cinema (or 'transition' cinema) and its reception in Brazil. This paper will start by discussing how Soviet art forms were not exactly very welcome in Brazil during the 70s and 80s - and that Brazil was experiencing some sort of 'liberation period' post-dictatorship -, the momentum is very rich. Yet poorly documented.

Publication Type: Paper Abstract
Abstract: My contribution to this roundtable on thresholds analyzes how the ingestions of non-humans ripple through the ways that humans are made to eat. My case study is based on the mid-1990s development of pet food palatants, flavoring additives derived from (formerly discarded) hog lungs that are designed to compel cats and dogs to rapidly ingest yet other waste products of factory farms. Tracing the materialization of hog breath from the uniformly abysmal airs of monocultural indoor confinement farms, through to their reduction to uniform flavoring vehicles in factories, this discussion suggests how the living conditions of multiple species become bound together in food. Three flavoring corporations now compete for monopoly control over domestic pets’ sense of taste using these chemically-modified hog lungs, and their engineering of non-human sensory experience has the effect of sustaining and cheapening contemporary American models of industrial meat. In intercalary exchange with Harris Solomon, this talk aims to think about how breath is congealed and channeled in ways that conjoin and separate distinct atmospheres. Based on further conversations about this workshop’s broader project with Hannah Landecker, I discuss how industrial food is being made reducible to its chemical components, in ways that can bring human and non-human eating and their attendant sciences into tighter spheres of mutual influence.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: The present study extends identity shift and hyperpersonal literatures by examining how task feedback may affect interpersonal impressions depending on the publicness and valence of messages. In a 2 x 2 experimental design, participants engaged in an email discussion task with or without 38 CC-ed observers and received either positive or negative feedback. Contrary to expectations, the effects of feedback valence on perceived argument quality and incivility were intensified in the private rather than public condition. This effect was moderated by individuals’ self-views. Participants with high self-views responded critically to negative feedback, regardless of audience size. For those with low self-views, public negative feedback prompted less critical evaluations than private negative feedback. Findings support self-verification theory, which argues that people seek self-confirming feedback even when self-evaluations are negative, and stress the importance of studying individual differences in CMC, particularly to understand the effects of audience in online impression formation.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: The advent of new technologies, most recently social networking sites (SNSs), tends to uproot extant notions of privacy and privacy management practices. Underexplored in this research area is how new technologies influence the practices of privacy co-managers, which are people who help manage access to another person. Given widespread technologies, beyond just SNSs, granting others’ management over who can access personal information about us, more research on this topic is critical. We use interviews with medical residents describing how they use electronic health records while interacting with patients to work toward filling this gap in research. The interviews show how residents view their role as patients’ privacy co-managers entwined with their role as patients’ impression co-managers. Specifically, residents viewed their decisions about when to share information about patients and with whom (privacy co-management) as influencing how individuals come to appraise patients (impression co-management). Ultimately, residents viewed their decisions as impacting their relationships with patients. This research expands recent work on the relationship between privacy and impression management beyond the domain of SNSs and depicts the implications of privacy for not just individuals, but also social relationships.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: being written

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Articles of clothing have a shared meaning that can be used by the wearer to communicate something (e.g., identity) to others. Scholars have found that behavior is motivated by a desire to evoke certain reactions from others, and that, with regard to fashion, this is possible through the shared meaning of clothing. However, across studies, a gap emerges in our understanding of whether or not the process of using clothing to communicate identity breaks-down in the absence of shared meaning, and what factors affect the intensity of the shared meaning. Existing research literature has focused more on the general idea that clothing has symbolic meaning and is used for communicating than on first-hand accounts of how women utilize clothing. The purpose of this study is to elucidate how fashion is used to communicate one’s identity, addressing the ideas of impression management, the shared meaning of clothing, and the reasons why people wear things. The study uses an experimental design to explore if individuals hold shared meanings of various fashion items, the factors that contribute to that shared meaning, and how women use clothing as an impression management strategy. Based on existing research we expect to find that (a) the wearer and/or brand of specific fashion items positively moderates the influence of the shared meaning of that fashion item (i.e. the degree to which an item can create a certain impression of the wearer), and that (b) women do use fashion to communicate their identity. The results of this study are considered within the framework of the symbolic interactionist tradition, and will deepen sociological understandings of fashion. Beyond the discipline of sociology, this work has important implications for women as consumers of fashion, who are interested in effective self-presentation.

Publication Type: Individual Paper
Abstract: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is underreported and understudied, in part, due to perpetrators' denial and difficulties in detection. Coercive control refers to ongoing control tactics implemented with the goal of decreasing a victim's autonomy, independence, and social support; often, this is accomplished without chronic violence. Instead, perpetrators may surveil, microregulate, manipulate/exploit, isolate, intimidate, deprive of basic necessities, and/or degrade their partners. These tactics can entrap a victim in a sense of obligation toward and dependence on the perpetrator. The control tactics may individually appear benign, and it is common for perpetrators to mix coercive control with physical abuse and denial. Though external motives for denial, such as avoiding incarceration are obvious, intrinsic motives for denial are not as clear. The present study utilized interview data from 86 male batterers who denied or minimized IPV despite collateral information indicating otherwise. Results suggested that self-reported higher scores of pride correlated with higher scores of impression management and lower scores of coercive control and physical abuse. In contrast, higher scores of self-reported guilt/shame correlated with lower scores of impression management and higher scores of coercive control and physical abuse. Implications for batterer treatment will be discussed.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: I find that individual characteristics such as knowledge of polling methodology and party identification are associated with different impressions of polls conducted by different polling outlets such as Gallup, the media and political parties.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This study examined whether a debater’s background nonverbal behavior affected audience perceptions of her and her opponent’s likeability. Students watched one of four versions of a televised debate. In each, while the speaking debater appeared on the main screen, subscreens displayed her nonspeaking opponent’s background nonverbal behavior. In one version, the non-speaking debater displayed a neutral expression during her opponent’s speech, while in the other three she nonverbally displayed occasional disagreement, nearly constant disagreement, or both agreement and disagreement. After viewing the debates, students rated the debaters’ likeability. Analysis indicated that background nonverbal behavior influenced audience perceptions of the nonverbal communicator but not of the speaking debater. These results and their implications are discussed.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: In this paper I draw on three decades of NES party and candidate "likes" and "dislikes" data to show the ways that citizens' impressions of the political parties and their candidates are implicitly associated with gendered attributes, traits, and issues. I explore contextual and individual-level antecedents of these associations, as well as their impact on voting. Citizens think of the Republican party in implicitly masculine terms and the Democratic party in implicitly feminine terms. This creates a unique strategic challenge for Democratic presidential candidates who must square their feminine party image with citizens’ symbolically masculine expectations about strong leaders. I conclude the paper with discussions of the sources of these associations in elite rhetoric, and discuss the complex ways these gendered associations interact with the well-documented implicit and explicit racialization of the parties during this period. I conclude the paper with some speculation on the ways that Barack Obama has strategically mobilized elements of both masculine and feminine stereotypes to navigate this gendered terrain more successfully than other recent Democratic nominees.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This research offers a model of online impression formation that explains how different impression-bearing cues may carry more or less informational value by examining the possibility that impression-bearing cues have greater informational value when those cues are distinctive and are task-relevant. This research reports two original experiments that varied both the distinctiveness of interpersonal and group cues and the task-relevance of those cues, and examined the effects of group cues on judgments of a target’s intelligence and the effects of interpersonal cues on judgments of a target’s extraversion. The results were consistent with hypotheses regarding interpersonal cues to extraversion, but only cue distinctiveness was an effective group cue that informed participants’ judgments of a target’s intelligence.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Studies on impression management find proof that people adjust their appearance and behaviour according to how they want to be perceived and evaluated by others. Also, the use of the media is an expression of taste and thus a means for distinction. The paper deals with the question as to what extent communication on media preferences might positively influence impression formation. In an online experiment participants read a description on the fictitious student Anna. Only the information on her TV genre preferences was varied between the experimental groups. The participants’ affection towards Anna differed depending on her communicated genre preferences. Furthermore, Anna was rated more likeable by participants who shared similar media favourites. However, the data indicate that a lack of information on genre preferences might result in a better impression than the knowledge about dissimilarity. Therefore, communication on media preferences may be risky.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This study examined corporations’ adoption of organizational impression management (OIM) tactics on their corporate blogs and how the employment of OIM tactics differs by industry type and author type. A content analysis was conducted to analyze the forty-nine corporate blogs identified from Fortune 500 Business Blogging Wiki. Results demonstrate that corporations tended to adopt direct assertive OIM tactics on their blogs. Assertive OIM tactics were more frequently adopted than defensive ones and direct OIM tactics were more frequently adopted than indirect ones. Staff-level employees, female authors and retailers were more likely to adopt ingratiation tactic. The average monthly updating frequency had small effect on the adoption of OIM tactics, so did the adoption of OIM tactics on the comments received by blog entries.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Self-monitoring, Machiavellianism, and affinity-seeking were examined in relation to secondary goals, which were examined in relation to self-presentation tactics used on Facebook. A conceptual model of self-presentation tactics on Facebook was proposed and tested in this study. Results indicate that the conceptual model was supported. Findings show that personality traits predicted one’s levels of concern for secondary goals (n = 487) and that secondary goals predicted self-presentation tactics used on Facebook.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Physical appearance cues are often used as a basis for impression formation. One such cue is overall body shape. Past research indicates that people have preferences and make judgments about others based on body shape. In particular, endomorphic body types, and those who are overweight and obese, are often associated with negative impressions. There is also medical evidence which indicates that being overweight is unhealthy. Yet, although the health benefits associated with weight loss for those who have excessive body fat are well documented, there is less systematic research on the aesthetic benefits associated with weight loss. Thus, the study to be presented will investigate the extent to which impressions change before and after weight loss surgery. Using photographs of contestants from the Biggest Loser television show, college students’ impressions of the attractiveness and dominance of the contestants prior to weight loss and after weight loss will be assessed.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: The initial account provided to the police by a suspect in custody is often the first opportunity to assess the true involvement of an individual in a particular offence. This largely uncontaminated narrative of events can be used to assist in the identification of particular interpersonal strategies that could lead to adverse perceptions being formed by interviewing officers. This paper will discuss the analysis of 155 initial accounts provided by suspects in police interviews and will illustrate how the suspects’ verbal presentation of events can lead to alterations in the assessment of credibility and subsequent police interview strategy development.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: While the profile picture is one of the most prominent features of social networking sites, little is known about how the way one is depicted on a profile picture affects impression formation. This study investigates how the type of online profile picture affects impressions of physical attraction, social attraction and intelligence. This was investigated in a 3 (camera distance: full body vs. head and chest vs. face only) x 2 (body angle: frontal vs. 45º angle) x 3 (expression: neutral vs. smiling vs. sexy / duck face) experimental design in which 232 participants each rated four profile pictures. Facial expression has the strongest impact on impression formation: profile pictures in which the profile owner is smiling are rated more attractive than neutral or sexy expressions. Although men found a sexy expression (a “duck face”) equally attractive as a smiling expression, women did not. Profile owners with a sexy expression on their profile picture are rated lower on intelligence. Close-up pictures were rated as less attractive than pictures taken from further away. Camera angle seemed to have no effect on ratings of interpersonal attraction and intelligence.

Publication Type: Undergraduate Poster Presentations
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This study investigates impression management among West Coast Swing (WCS) dancers. The research is based on participant observation at two different WCS dance venues in Southern California: one, a more night-club like setting, and the other a larger conference event. The findings reveal that the most dominant elements of impression management are gendered appearance norms and social interactions skills, which are strategically used by WCS dancers to present desirable appearances of themselves to other members in the community in an attempt to gain status. The theories used to analyze the data from my research include Blumer’s symbolic interactionism and Goffman’s theories of presentation of self; particularly impression management, facework, and dramaturgy. Some gender theory has also been applied, with the intent to further expand on this by the PSA conference in March 2013. This study adds to the existing studies that have previously been conducted to understand both competitive and non-competitive partner-dance settings in swing, ballroom, and country dance communities. The results of this study can be used to assist WCS dancers trying to acquire personal gains and acceptance by other members of their community. When applied more broadly, these elements of impression management are strategies that occur within many different subcultures and societies as well. Thus, the results may also be useful to other members of society to attain desirable outcomes and increase status within particular communities or social settings.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Informal discussions of mental illness take place every day in social media. In the case of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), in particular, widespread use of the hashtag “#OCD” indicates that social media users often trivialize the disease. This experiment (N = 574) tested the impact of trivialized framing of this disease on perceptions of individuals who use such language as well as on perceptions of people with OCD as a group. Additionally, this study tested the effects of the gender of the Twitter avatar and self-identification in the avatar biography as an individual with OCD on these perceptions. Results indicate that language use, gender, and self-identification impact impression formation in a social media environment.

Publication Type: Panel Paper
Abstract: John Milton’s prose pamphlets and sonnets display many precise material references to the print culture and to the book trade of his age. Books are represented as partial embodiments of truth. However, it is striking that Milton’s references to printed books do not give way to print metaphors but rather to martial, bodily and image metaphors. When dealing with the act of writing, the late poems provide a flourishing imagery of inspired songs, authorship and poetic inheritance but very few examples of print metaphors. Most of the time, Milton derives his “scriptile” metaphors from the lexical fields of expression and image. The present paper aims at exploring the implications of this paradox and at understanding what the scarcity of impressiveness metaphors tells us about the poetic representation of divine truth and about the status of metaphors in Milton’s religious poems.

Publication Type: Panel Paper
Abstract: The paper analyzes the oldest nature print manuscripts. These printings have been produced in northern Italy in the 15th and at the beginning of the 16th century and have neither been edited nor investigated before. The elaborate multicolor execution technique implies that several prints were made with the same plant. The herbals are symptoms of new visualizing methods of knowledge, situated within the context of the upcoming discipline of botany. The naturalistic style and pictorial touch ups as well as aesthetically motivated efforts stress the involvement with nature studies and the aims towards realistic painting. A mutual influence between the herbal pictures and plant pictures belonging to the artistic domain outside herbals is likely. Situated on the threshold of nature studies, as produced in Dürer’s sphere of influence, next to herbal imagery of the Italian Middle Ages, the plant prints indicate diverse ways of encompassing reality, facts and art.

Publication Type: Abstract
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Many communities are trying to establish business eco-systems that would serve as catalysts to new green/sustainable ventures. To create such eco-systems, various stakeholders have created physical “hubs” to serve as incubators. In this research use a sociological perspective to explain the ability of “hubs” to create such a soft infrastructure.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Online dating had always been severely criticized for its ‘overemphasis’ on physical appearance. However, disregarding the communication context (i.e., Face-to-Face and Online), physical appearance is always the initiator for communication behaviors. The online dating success trend is widely explained by the new media pervasiveness argument. If new media pervasiveness explains this new social trend, why did not online dating became so popular before? Little attention has been directed to how online dating mirrors with human perception of first impression formation. Therefore, the present study is an exploratory attempt to understand the role of human perception of physical appearance tuning with Tinder interface. The results suggests that the online dating process through Tinder feels more natural to users compared to other dating apps, and this explains its increasing popularity in addition to the pervasiveness argument.

Publication Type: Session Paper
Abstract: Young refugees operate from the margins of European society and its human rights agenda, against dominant views of adults as well as dominant conceptions of technology’s intended users. Based on an ongoing project aimed at training young people as critical media makers, we examine how digital media may contribute to enhancing inclusion through language and social skills, self-reliance, participation, identity and citizenship. Shortly after arriving in the Netherlands, migrant youth (between 12-18 years) follow a 2-year education course “Internationale Schakel Klassen” as a way to prepare for regular Dutch secondary education. The argument is grounded in initial pilot experiences of a 3-month media and information literacy program developed and taught in co-creation with 100 migrant youth attending these courses. Particularly within this unique future-oriented institutional context in a new society, critical thinking and media making is important to be able to build new bridges and circulate alternative self-representations.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to build a theoretical framework to account for how social media lead college students’ smoking behavior. Arguing critical concepts, such as a valence of communication, impression management, perceived risks and benefits, this study develops the O1-S-R1-O2-R2 model. The analysis, first, shows that an impression of smokers mediates the relationship between exposure to smoking-related contents and the valence of expression of smoking behavior. Second, the effect of exposure to pro-smoking contents on smoking behavior is mediated by an impression of smokers, a favorable expression of smoking, and perceived benefits. Third, the effect of exposure to anti-smoking contents on smoking behavior is mediated by an unfavorable expression of smoking and perceived risks. Finally, an impression of smokers has not only a direct effect but also a mediating effect on smoking behavior through perceived risks and benefits.

Publication Type: Session Paper
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Japanese descendants in Brazil have been a highly contested ethnic constituency, which has seen a considerable shift in its characterization within Lusophone letters. Now largely revered and considered by some as an elite minority, Japanese Brazilians were received with ambivalence and repulsion in the early decades of emigration to Brazil, beginning in 1908. The writings of diplomats like Manuel de Oliveira Lima, who represented Brazil in Tokyo (1901-1903) influenced Brazil’s immigration policies and its imaginary of the Japanese within and outside of Japan. While much is written about Oliveira Lima’s travelogues on the United States and Hispanophone South America, very little scholarship has addressed or mentioned the his impressions of Japan. While No Japão: Impressões da terra e da gente (1903) explores Japanese culture and history for Brazilian (and, arguably, Portuguese) readers, two appendices in the book feature Oliveira Lima’s talks given in Tokyo to Japanese women, thus presenting his projection of Brazil for foreigners. In this essay I analyze Oliveira Lima’s reports on Japan’s adaptability to western ideals like democracy and what he calls the damaging forces of feminism and modernity in Japan and Brazil. Furthermore, this essay synthesizes key elements of Oliveira Lima’s studies on the U.S. (which touches on lynching, white supremacy, and the shifting roles of women) and South America. In sum, I explore the diplomat’s anxieties regarding Brazil’s increasing ethnic diversity in a new age of the Brazilian Republic and his preoccupations with situating Brazil’s present and future in the context of the Americas.

Publication Type: Abstract
Abstract: INTRODUCTION
In 2000, an innovative experiential program, the Clinical Scholars Program (CSP) was created to offer advanced training. Program coordinators have received informal feedback regarding the program’s influence on CSP graduates and interacting programs. This study formalizes this feedback.

METHODS
CSP graduates (n=60) were matched with non-CSP graduates (n=24) by gender, race, graduating class, and GPA. Pharmacy Directors (n=5) hosting CSPs and Residency/Fellowship Directors (n=21) overseeing CSP graduates were also surveyed. All correspondence was via email and surveys were online.

RESULTS
The majority of CSP and non-CSP graduates stated that their experience afforded them the most advanced, comprehensive training (95% and 91%, respectively). CSPs agreed that the additional requirements of the program gave them an advantage upon graduation while non-CSPs reported that additional educational opportunities, such as completing a research project and identifying a mentor, would not have been beneficial.
The majority of Pharmacy Directors hosting CSP students acknowledged the value of the program to their institution and that the program positively impacts patient care, but reported a lack of involvement in CSP recruitment.
Residency/Fellowship Directors agreed that the CSP graduate performance was higher than non-CSP graduates in various areas of their program, including clinical decision-making and communicating with healthcare professionals.

CONCLUSIONS
Both CSP and non-CSP graduates acknowledge a benefit from their fourth year experiences; however, non-CSPs do not appear to value many of the CSP requirements. While both Pharmacy and Residency/Fellowship Directors acknowledge the value of the CSP, Pharmacy Directors are not actively involved in CSP selections.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This study explores the impact of prevailing mood on television viewers’ processing of advertising campaign messages and their subsequent forming of political attitudes. All participants (N = 56) in a 2 (mood) x 2 (color condition) between-participants experiment were randomly assigned to one of the two experimentally manipulated mood conditions (either the positive or the neutral state) and watched a negative television political advertisement. After exposure, participants were asked to evaluate on a questionnaire their attitudes toward the message and the candidate. They were also tested for their memory of the message. The results indicated that the participants’ prevailing mood states significantly influenced their perceptions of the candidate as well as their memory of the message. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Out of class communication between students and instructors is valuable, but takes place less often than instructors wish. This study investigates why students do or do not arrange for such conferences. We develop a new instrument, the Out of Class Commmunication Scale, which measures students' perceptions and expectations about this sort of communication episode. The OCCS has four subscales, measuring how helpful, easy, and useful the conferences are likely to be, as well as how desirable and substitutable alternatives (such as phone and email) might be. The subscales predict frequency of visits, with correlations ranging from absolute values of .22 to .39. OCCS scores have some relationships to instructors' perceived assertiveness and responsiveness, as measured by the SCS, as well as correlations to student locus of control. Student sex and age also have some modest connections to OCCS. We regard this investigation as a useful step toward the eventual goal of increasing the frequency and usefulness of out of class communication.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Where does the study of the mainstream media (television and newspapers) fit into our understanding of U.S. foreign policy decision-making? While claims about the impact of media coverage on foreign policy agenda setting (e.g. "the CNN effect") may be overstated, there is little doubt that the media warrants serious consideration in any adequate explanation of U.S. foreign policy given its role as an intermediary between policy elites and citizens. This paper synthesizes and interprets the growing literature on media and foreign policy and proposes an explanatory framework combining political cognition (e.g. the way "framing" structures journalistic interpretation of foreign policy information) with institutional practice (the routines and organizational behavior of news gathering) in a way that grounds the study squarely within the tradition of FPDM.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This paper examines the role of impression management goals and gender norms in shaping young women and young men's political ambition.

Publication Type: GIFTS
Abstract: In performing audience analysis, we don’t always have the luxury of access to specific information about the individuals to whom we’ll be speaking. Instead, we must generalize using demographic information and common traits ascribed to various social groups. This activity is designed to help students apply stereotyping in a positive (or at least, benign) manner in order to form assumptions about an audience when minimal information is available. In groups, students will look at photographs of individuals, and compile a list of traits they assume would apply to the person pictured. The class will share these lists, discuss why they made the assumptions they did, and examine how stereotyping might be useful, or potentially misleading, in audience analysis.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: 2006 Franklin Knower Article Award: Tidwell, L. C., & Walther, J. B. (2002). Computer-mediated communication: Effects on disclosure, impressions, and interpersonal evaluations: Getting to know one another a bit at a time. Human Communication Research, 28, 317-348

Publication Type: Poster
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Expert testimony creates unique perception and decision making issues in the courtroom. Jurors are tasked with understanding the often complex information provided to them by experts. Jurors must then assess the expert’s credibility and the weight his or her testimony will be given in their verdicts. In this process, it is possible that jurors use extra-legal information in determining credibility and weight, such as the race or the gender of the expert. The purpose of this study is to determine if jurors are influenced in their credibility and verdict judgments by the gender and the race of the expert.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: The present study examines the extent to which the motivations for relationship maintenance and development, impression management, self-disclosure, and perceived reciprocity affect intimacy among users of a social network site, Facebook. Using data from an online survey of Facebook users (N = 249), structural equation modeling analyses revealed that the motivations, impression management, self-disclosure amount, and perceived reciprocity increase intimacy in Facebook. The study also found that the motivation for relationship development negatively affects self-disclosure honesty. Self-disclosure honesty in turn did not have a significant impact on intimacy, suggesting that users are reluctant to reveal their true selves when they initiate new relationships through the social network site. The theoretical implication and limitations of the study were also discussed.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This paper argues that diplomatic interaction is a form of impression management. Following Goffman, diplomats act as on a scene and seek to give a particular impression to others. In this sense, diplomatic practice can be interpreted a form of
face-work. Drawing on Goffman implies, first, that diplomacy cannot be seen as a one-to-one reflection of the relative bargaining power of the involved states. Rather, diplomacy should be understood as a symbolic interaction order, abiding to its own rules,
norms and codes of conduct. Its inhabitants may represent ‘national interests’, but they also defend particular views of cosmos and they are trying to save face. Second, Goffman’s focus on shame and embarrassment may help explain the “conservative”
bias of diplomacy. Diplomacy is geared towards the prevention of violations of the interaction order. It seeks to repair sudden cracks in the fragile social order. As an illustration, I explore the face-work of diplomats from a former colonizer, Denmark, and a former colony, Greenland, during the negotiations of EU’s controversial ban on import of seal products in 2009.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Two studies examined the processes and corresponding tactics that Elsbach and colleagues’ (1998) proposed in their anticipatory organizational impression management model. The tactics proposed in their conceptual framework were thought to decrease people’s initial challenges to an event (Experiment 1) or prevent the escalation of an existing challenge (Experiment 2). In short, the two experiments provide compelling evidence that demonstrates and supports the underlying processes and specific mechanisms proposed in the anticipatory OIM model.

Publication Type: Symposium Paper
Abstract: There are no empirically validated measures of juvenile sex offenders’ amenability to treatment, which would enable more accurate and consistent recommendations to juvenile court judges regarding decisions such as appropriate level of care for particular youth. As a first step towards developing a tool, this study surveyed members of two professional societies devoted to the study of sex offender evaluation and treatment. Participants rated the relevance of 80 variables to sex offender-specific treatment amenability. Based on information provided by 158 respondents, variables believed to be indicative of positive and negative treatment amenability are identified. Implications and future directions are discussed.

Publication Type: Poster
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: The current study tested people’s ability to differentially evaluate static photos of men convicted of sexually assaulting children. Photos of men convicted of raping children and men convicted of other crimes were rated on seven personality characteristics. Participants who were blind to the nature of the study rated the sexual offenders as creepier, weirder, and lonelier. This is the first evidence, to our knowledge, indicating that static photos of men who have been convicted of sexually offending children are differently rated from the photos of men convicted of non-sexual offenses.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Computer-mediated communication (CMC) research has long been interested in how interpersonal impressions form. This paper argues that, given the advance of technology and the diversity in online environments, researchers must now consider the context out of which social information arises. An original experiment, presented here, found that the same pictorial and textual cues, when placed on two different social networking websites, (Facebook.com and Bodyspace.com) caused observers to judge a profile owner’s extraversion, social attraction, and physical attraction in different ways based on the context that surrounded those cues. These findings were consistent with the correspondent inference and negativity hypotheses, which state that contextual expectations for normative online behavior affect the way that social information is evaluated by observers.

Publication Type: Session Paper
Abstract: The production of identity in social network websites is not without context. Depending on a user's social needs, the processes that go into identity formation, and the eventual constructed identity may vary substantially. Understanding how users of social network sites differently project identity at varying social need-states is important as it gives us an empirical look at identity construction, and it provides useful points of comparison for previous survey research.

The Facebook is a social network website (SNS) that helps students negotiate the social world around them. When students arrive on a college campus, they have a strong need to understand and negotiate their new social milieu. The Facebook serves an augmentative role to these students, affording them the ability to privately explore their new social world. To be an active participant in this social world, however, students must also create self-representation of their identity. Therefore, we may be able to elucidate social need-states of population subsets based on levels of identity disclosure.

In this particular research, a complete-network sample of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's Facebook (http://facebook.com) is analyzed for levels of identity production by a number of independent variables, such as self-reported school year, relationship status and political orientation. It is hypothesized that students typically in greater social need-states, such as freshmen and students actively seeking dating relationships, will construct a richer representation of their identity than students who aren't in these social need-states. Additionally, exploratory analysis will attempt to identity novel social groups that appear to be in social need-states. The analysis will attempt to provide a link between levels of identity disclosure and social need-state, providing important insight into how social and informational need-states motivate use of social network websites.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Social information processing (SIP) theory claims that Internet users form impressions of others by taking heuristic cues available in the web environment. However, questions remain unanswered regarding individual differences in susceptibility to the cues. Based on the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), this study investigates two individual motivational factors, need for cognition (NFC) and internal political self-efficacy (IPSE), as potential moderators of effects of other-provided cues in the context of political communication. Participants (N=520) with differing levels of NFC and IPSE were randomly exposed to a fictitious candidate’s Facebook profile with either positive or negative others’ comments on the candidate before rating the perceived trustworthiness of the candidate. The results showed that although the comments’ valence was a powerful cue, its effect was significantly moderated by IPSE. Individuals with high IPSE were less influenced by others’ comments than those with low IPSE. NFC’s role as a moderator was not significant.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: The present study reports a Brunswick lens model analysis of Facebook profiles. Facebook profiles (N = 100) were content analyzed for the presence and rate of 55 self-generated, other-generated, and system-generated cues. Observers who were strangers to the profile owners (N = 35) estimated five profile owner personality traits. Results indicate that observers could accurately estimate Facebook profile owners’ agreeableness, extroversion, and conscientiousness. Several unique profile cues were linked to both user personality and observer estimations of personality for all five personality traits. These diagnostic cues are discussed in relation to online impression formation and judgments of personality.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Abstract: Computer agents routinely replace people as companies’ representatives to customers. However, few researchers consider the impressions customers develop about these computers and humans in the same organizational positions. I ask: how do customers develop impressions of the goodness and power for computers agents compared to human agents? I propose a theoretical model by which the agent’s computer identity weakens social processes that lead to goodness and power impressions. This model explains conflicting prior research and proposes specific hypotheses for the current study. I evaluate the hypotheses with a laboratory experiment where participants believe they are buying products online from a representative of a real organization. I manipulate product quality to alter goodness impressions, the organization’s constraint of the representative to alter power impressions, and human versus computer identity to test the hypothesized weakening interaction effects. The weakening hypothesis for goodness is not supported, while the weakening hypothesis for power is fully supported.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Online impression management receives considerable scholarly attention, extending theoretical understanding of how individuals control attributions others form, given the increased visibility that social media afford. However, scant attention has been paid to impression management in cultures where surveillance is the norm. This qualitative study of Azerbaijan, an honor culture with both of a norm of surveillance and severe repercussions for deviating from behavioral codes, explores how youth are managing their online impressions. We find that social media are an onerous place for Azerbaijanis. Paradoxically, social media are an additional space for young women to adhere to codes of modesty and chastity, which is in contrast to the norms of disclosure on these sites. For young men, social media can be a battlefield of status. Young Azerbaijanis use the same strategies previously identified in literature; but the ramifications of negative impressions are so severe that impression management is taken more seriously.

Publication Type: Individual Poster
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: The moment a person walks into a full room, people form a first impression. Once made, these first impressions are the basis of subsequent expectations and behavior towards that person (Ambady, Bernieri, & Richeson, 2000). Considerable research has addressed the degree to which first impressions regarding characteristics and traits of the person observed are accurate after a very short exposure.. These studies have shown that people’s first impressions of a person’s personality, political preference, racial preference and sexual orientation are quite accurate, even when these impressions are based on observations of less than 5 minutes, called ‘thin slices’ (e.g. Ambady et al., 2000). Yet, little is known about the first impressions that people form about children’s social behavior. It is likely that peers and teachers also form first impressions when a child enters a new school or classroom. We therefore examined the accuracy of children’s, teachers’ and adults’ first impressions of unacquainted children.
First, 20 second clips from 18 5th and 6th grade students who were each planning a party with one same-sex classmate were selected for the current study. The social status (e.g. liking and popularity) and behaviors (e.g. prosocial behavior, aggression, bullying, victimization, and exclusion) of the children were measured in the classroom using peer nominations.
Next, the 18 film clips were presented to 101 children (Mage = 10.7 years, 47.5% girls), 79 elementary school teachers (Mage = 39.5 years, 82.4% females), and 68 young adults (Mage = 22.1 years, 82.4% females) who were unacquainted with the children in the film clips. They were asked to rate each of the children presented in the film clips on social status and behaviors using a 7-point scale (1= very unlikely, 7 = very likely). Next, the accuracy for each judge, for each construct, across all targets was calculated using profile correlations (Carney, 2007). This means that the ratings of popularity given by a judge across all targets were correlated with the targets’ actual popularity in their classroom (z-score).
Children, teachers and adults were significantly better than chance in predicting popularity and prosocial behavior. However, they were significantly worse than chance in predicting aggression, bullying and exclusion. Moreover, teachers and adults were significantly inaccurate in their impressions of victimization. Finally, children’s and young adults’ accuracy of first impression of unacquainted children’s liking in the classroom did not differ from chance, whereas teachers’ accuracy was significantly worse than chance. Moreover, accuracy significantly differed according to the gender of the target (male vs. female), gender of the judge (males vs. females), and level of acquaintance with the context of elementary school (children vs. teachers vs. adults).
This study addresses a new line of research in developmental psychology, providing insight into the accuracy of first impressions of children’s social status and behavior. This information is important as first impressions are likely to guide the first encounters of teachers and children with new children entering the classroom.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This study examines a question of central interest to economic sociology - how do market agents make inference with partial information? Our current understanding is fragmented because existing research treats the two interdependent components of inference - an agent’s cognitive structure and signals from her embedded environment, as if they are isolated. By including both conceptual schemata and external signals in one model, our study makes a move in integrating the insights from the two separate research streams with distinct cognitive assumptions. We argue that a market agent infers the value of an unobservable feature and updates its value upon receiving a signal, by relying on schemata shared in her social surrounding. By theorizing the effects of social surroundings on inference, we anchor the study of inference with the sociological insights of thinking as a social act. As an empirical illustration, we show the consequence of varying availability of a schema on the German electricity utilities, whereby the environmental friendliness (i.e. greenness) of a utility is difficult to observe.

Publication Type: Poster
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Students often have trouble writing compelling introductory paragraphs for course papers. A weak introduction sets a bad tone for the paper, failing to draw the reader in or compel them to read further. By comparing the “first impression” of an introductory paragraph to the “first impression” of a dating profile, instructors can link course content to writing skills in a sociology of family course. The student learning goals for this activity are: 1. identify the components a strong introductory paragraph, 2. evaluate sample introductory paragraph, and 3. apply this knowledge by writing and peer reviewing drafts of introductions.

Through class discussion, students consider the purpose of an introduction and identify its necessary components. Students review sample introductory paragraphs from course materials in small groups to identify what makes a strong introduction. The groups then evaluate online dating profile biographies to decide what makes a good “hook”. When students examine dating profiles, they can conduct a mini-content analysis of differences in presentation of self and impression management by gender, race/ethnicity, age, and social class. Additionally, they can assess differences in desires as well as homophily in education, race/ethnicity, and age. Finally, students practice writing their own biographies using peer review in class and apply these strategies outside of class by (re)writing the introductory paragraph to a course paper.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Previous research has examined the use of others as props for impression management (i.e. Presidents use of first ladies), but has left many areas unexplored, including the role of non-adults as important associates. This paper focuses on the unacknowledged role of children in the maintenance of identities, and management of impressions, of their mothers. Using in-depth interviews conducted with mothers of young children, this paper investigates what these mothers think about children’s clothing, their conceptualization of Erving Goffman’s (1959) front and backstage (or public and private spheres), and the impressions these women hope they portray through the physical appearance of their children. In addition to insight about these phenomena, the paper also discusses responses surrounding about the importance of first impressions, differences in meanings attached to children’s spoiled appearances (i.e. “new” dirt versus “old” dirt), and the sacrifices made in motherhood. Results show that women do use well-dressed and groomed children to enact and confirm identities as “good mothers”- and to protect and enhance their own self-concepts - during the course of everyday social interaction.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: When viewing entertainment media, viewers are exposed to a variety of media characters to which they form a number of impressions. But impressions may be more complex than merely basing them on character role categories. The present study attempted to examine the relationship between impression traits as applied to media villains and their relationship to resulting emotional responses. According to the results, while the impressions formed across various types of villains are similar, the emotional responses vary suggesting the use of motivation and situational context.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Examines issues involved in offering a political science degree online; of instruction, course subject matter, and of characteristics of students involved.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Nanotechnology provides opportunities to observe opinion formation for previously unfamiliar technologies. In a panel study design, 76 individuals in South Carolina, recruited via community groups, were interviewed and surveyed during summer 2007. The results confirm some ideas about how people form opinions, while challenging others. Although 64 of the 76 reported they were not (or not very) familiar with nanotechnology, they offered 164 specific images or associations, largely consistent with scientists’ usage of the term.

Publication Type: Extended Abstract
Abstract: The present study explores how viewers' affective responses to characters may change over time as a function of character motivation, violations of viewer expecations, and characters' use of impression management strategies. A panel survey of viewers of the ABC show "Private Practice," further explores the complexity of viewer-character relationships and how changes in them relate to the sustainment of audience viewership and the overall media-viewing experience.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This study examined the relationship between instructor interpersonal communication behaviors and students’ judgments about the future outcomes of the course. Results indicated that coercive and legitimate power were negatively related to students’ judgments about the value of future interaction with teachers and that reward, referent, and expert power along with confirmation, immediacy, and communication skills were all positively correlated with students’ value judgments. Implications for theory and the classroom are discussed.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This study challenged the ingroup/outgroup bifurcation within the social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE). A 2 (high vs. low cues) x 3 (ingroup, moderate outgroup, extreme outgroup affiliation) experiment was conducted to examine how members of an ingroup view individuals belonging to various outgroups. Findings generally supported SIDE, although an interaction effect was observed between group affiliation and the number of cues to that identity.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: mIRC is a featured Internet Relay Chat client for Windows to communicate with others around the world. However, the culture of chatting is more challenging in managing impression. Impression management is a process by which individuals attempt to control the perceptions of others. The used of impression management characteristics namely emoticons, abbreviations and action-simulations need to be mastered by mIRC users in order to replace the elements of emotion, gesture and behaviour of communication. The frequency of impression management characteristics used according to gender will effects the social relationship. Therefore, the study aims to examine the differences of impression management characteristics used between male and female amongst Malay users in mIRC since the online communication is applied to maintain ties. A quantitative survey method using questionnaires to purposive sampling respondents was used for data collection. This study is relevant in gender and cultural communication through CMC.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This study of 432 students at two mid-Atlantic universities found that what is said in the first class meeting and the instructors’ speaking skills had the greatest influence on students’ first impressions. Given that students’ first impressions seem to correlate to end-of-course evaluations (Buchert, et. al.), instructors may need to reevaluate how they present their first-day lectures. Lecture content, delivery style, and presentation of credentials and experience are key considerations for instructors wanting to make a good first impression.

Publication Type: Invited Paper
Abstract: Utilizing Adobe Creative Suite 3 (Adobe CS3) software in the public relations classroom can enhance the finished product when creating media kits/campaigns for community partners. Students learn how to get the message heard by making sure the product is seen. Teaching Adobe CS3 along with fundamentals of design aids the student in thinking visually when crafting a message.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Social networking websites connect self-presentations, providing new opportunities to bias impressions of an individual. Though previous work considered the impact of self- and other-generated information on impressions (Walther et al., 2008), this study assesses the impact of information external to the individual (e.g., strength and status of ties). We use the “extended halo effect” (EHE), which applies halo effects (i.e., forming global impressions about an individual based on a single characteristic (Nisbett & Wilson, 1977)) to information beyond the individual, to make predictions about the impact of this information on impressions. Participants evaluated online resume profiles, which included a recommendation from a person whose status and strength of connection to the individual varied. Impressions of the individual’s quality and credibility were more positive in the presence of ties that were strong, high-status, or both, regardless of job experience. These findings support EHE. Implications for EHE and impression formation are discussed.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: The rise of computer-mediated communication (CMC) has prompted a renewed interest in impression formation research because CMC alters available cues (Hancock & Dunham, 2001). This exploratory study examined the impression management strategies of graduate students online because, as Yeh (2010) argues, we need more research about the connection between behaviors, roles and communities in online classrooms. Applying Jones and Pittman’s (1982) taxonomy of impression management strategies to a content analysis of introductory discussion board posts, results showed that graduate students primarily used self-promotion followed by exemplification. Implications of how instructors might use these findings are discussed.

Publication Type: Individual Paper
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This paper introduces a framework of “status-seeking” as a means of understanding the goals and decisions of refugee students in high school and college. Drawing on data collected from interviews, media accounts, and participant observation, I show how students’ desire for social capital influences their educational aspirations and decision-making processes.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This study examined the effects of social relationships among interactants on online impression formation by extending upon the original warranting theory. In order to better understand online impression formation, the present study applied signaling theory and related research, which found that social relationships played an important role in impression formation and observers tended to attach more trustworthiness to information that is seen as more objective. By employing a Facebook mock-up profile, this study provided empirical evidence of warranting principle and found that observers attributed less intimate friends’ comments about the target with greater weight than very intimate friends’ comments about the target. Thus, this study showed the significance of a target’s social relationships in SNS for assessing information trustworthiness. The limitations and implications for future research are discussed.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: The rise of social media determines a shift in organizational practices, giving rise, in some cases, to real "mediatized" organizations. With the present paper, we aim at exploring how managers employ social media to influence their enactment of professional impressions, and how this has an impact on managerial roles and identities. Building on a sample of European marketing and communication managers, we explore these emerging impression management tactics and how managers promote, involve, assist and reproach in social media. Based on an explorative factor analysis, we distinguish four patterns of online impression management, Selves Promotion, Assistance Seeking, Peer Support and Authority. As different managerial duties may require different approaches to impression management, we furthermore cluster for managerial roles, showing that in the shaping of online roles, whether formal or informal, professionals convey different impressions depending on their degree of online confidence and strategic purpose in the use of social media.

Publication Type: Individual Abstract
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: God Don't Like Ugly and He Damn Sure Ain't Impressed with Pretty is a one-woman show that transforms culture into an arena of cruelty by centering the constructs black and female in a narcissistic system of disassociation. Complicated by the emergence of my own voice from an abyss of concealed silence and cultural invisibility, GDLUAHDSAIWP oscillates between the nomadic “eye” of discourse and the gender specific "I" as jointly constructing systems of power that do the work of producing, transmitting and territorializing normative codes. The contention of this performance is comprised of systematic principles that program the boundaries of existence into human memory as they coincide with layers of differentiation that internally monitor and control individual desire. On the macro level, racism, sexism, classism, homophobia, etc. are seen as manifestations of the divide and conquer strategy in Western thought that keep people at odds with each other rather than focusing on inequity as the sustainer of power relations. Ultimately, the goal of this performance is to speak with and through otherwise muted subjects to examine the ways territorializing markers maintain social control. GDLUAHDSAIWP concludes with an audience discussion that further explores seemingly polar concepts that undergird consensus reality based on phallic order.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Technology enhanced the amateur culture, which provided counter-stereotypic depictions. The present study reexamined the continuum model of impression formation by investigating how the mechanisms of amateur technology platforms interacted with the depiction of amateur content created by social minority members to redirect people’s cognitive process of impression formation of minority members in the online amateur setting. More specifically, conducting a 2 (Stereotype Depiction) x 2 (Platform) experiment, this study looked at whether the amateur platform encouraged people to form a counter-stereotypic impression of the mediated transgender person featured in the amateur content. The findings revealed that the counter-stereotypic depiction in amateur content would encourage people’s counter-stereotypic labeling individuation. Regardless of stereotype depiction, the amateur platform encouraged information seeking individuation. However, the consequent increased information seeking individuation led to less positive attitudes towards both the featured transgender person and transgender people as a whole.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Popular media culture fandom is associated with a variety of positive psychological, social, and cultural outcomes, but people who participate in these fandoms may be socially stigmatized because of the object of their fandom. To test the influence of fandom type and fan sex on social perceptions of these groups. A 2 (Fandom Type: Science Fiction/Fantasy; Sports) X 2 (Fan Sex: Female; Male) between-subjects experimental design was used to examine the influence of fandom type and fan sex on the three dimensions of interpersonal attraction: social, physical, and task. In general, science fiction/fantasy fans were perceived as less socially and physically attractive compared to sports fans, particularly male science fiction/fans. However, there were no differences between the groups in task attractiveness. Results are discussed in light of both critical fan studies and intergroup psychology fan research.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: The existing literature on the effect of occupational status on criminal sentencing provides mixed results, with some studies showing white-collar criminals receive lighter sentences than comparable blue- or pink-collar offenders, other studies showing the reverse, and still other studies showing no differences by occupational status. We revisit this question using a vignette experiment that varies the offender’s occupational status (white-collar professional (attorney, executive, or physician) vs. blue- or pink-collar worker (handyman, nurse, or shop clerk)) and the word used to describe his crime (overcharge vs. rob). Drawing on affect control theory, we develop hypotheses regarding the way these two factors—occupational status and the crime word—should jointly affect sentencing recommendations. As predicted, participants recommend a lighter sentence for white-collar offenders and for offenders who are described as “overcharging” rather than “robbing.” Also as predicted, occupational status moderates the effect of the crime word, with white-collar offenders receiving a greater sentencing penalty than blue- and pink-collar offenders for robbery. Most of these effects persist when we control for eight perceptual factors central to current theories of judicial decision making, such as perceptions that the offender will repeat the crime, the offender’s tendency to obey the law, and the offender’s dangerousness, suggesting that judicial decision making may be rooted in factors that go beyond those considered in the current theories of judicial sentencing

Publication Type: Panel Paper
Abstract: This paper explores the personnel and activities of the Russian embassy and consulates in the Ottoman Empire from the outbreak of the Greek Revolution in 1821 until the eve of the Russian-Ottoman War of 1828-29. Drawing on archival material and published accounts, it compares the dispatches of Russian Ambassador Stroganov with European impressions of Russian activity at the Sublime Porte. It also surveys the development of Russian policy in Constantinople after Stroganov’s departure in July 1821. By contrasting archival records with secondary literature and journalism, the paper pinpoints an important moment in the rise of Russophobia.

Publication Type: Panel Paper
Abstract: Major seventeenth-century draftsmen such as Abraham Bloemaert (1560-1651), Luca Ciamberlano (ca. 1580-1641), Jusepe de Ribera (1591-1652) and Stefano della Bella (1610-1664) innovated a new genre of pedagogical drawing manual in which they dismembered the body into parts: eyes, ears, noses, mouths, arms, feet, torsos and dis-embodied expressions. In a period famous for the first intellectual texts about art and artists, these printed drawing books present a shift away from language towards the physical embodiment of draftsmanship itself. As this paper will argue, this pedagogy of copying fragmented sensory organs was engaged with Aristotelian theories of knowledge production. In their presentation of eyes, ears, noses and mouths for beginning draftsmen to copy, these printed drawing books visually demonstrated the imagistic qualities of memory and imagination — as described in Aristotelian psychology — in their presentation of a visual pedagogy over the predominance of linguistic instruction.

Publication Type: Individual Paper
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: The purpose of this proposed research is to examine the broader nature of the impact of 9/11 on commitment to civil liberties in America. The political, social, and economic environments we live in are often exposed to many unpredicted incidents/events. In the aftermath of 9/11 in the United States, commitments to democratic principles were called into question. The particular data set used for this study is unique in that a random, representative survey was conducted pre- and post- 9/11, which can offer some insight into the change in commitment to civil liberties. Some hypotheses examined are:
1) Commitment to civil liberties will decrease from pre- to post- 9/11.
2) Individuals who favor community orientation, as opposed to individual orientation, will have lower levels of commitment to civil liberties.
While the data set is restricted to a single city in Florida, it still can provide some useful insight to assess the impact of such catalyzing events that occur not only in America, but elsewhere. The impact of the change in commitment to civil liberties can have far-reaching consequences on other realms of society, such as increases in security measures that infringe on individual privacy (at the national or local level).

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: The current study explores social media practices among pre-teens aged eight to twelve. Pre-teens are in the midst of developing self-presentation skills, as gaining social acceptance is a key developmental goal in this period. Social media offer opportunities for self-presentation, namely: receiving feedback on self-presentations, having time to think carefully about self-presentations (asynchronicity), and editing self-presentations. The current survey among 600 pre-teens shows that the use of social media develops between ages 8 and 12, with particularly steep increases between ages 10 and 11. Pre-teens made use of the opportunities social media offer for self-presentation, in particular receiving (positive) feedback and asynchronicity, and this increased with age. Although girls did not have a social media profile more often than boys, girls did make more use of the opportunities for self-presentation than boys. These results show that we should not wait until adolescence to promote social media literacy.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: We report results of an experiment (n = 265) designed to examine how norm violations influenced impressions of others' conservation-related behaviors within the context of YardMap (www.yardmap.org), a social network application where users create and share virtual representations (maps) of their properties. Specifically, when the map depicted the presence of an outdoor (vs. indoor) pet cat—a violation of a strongly held norm in this community—participants inferred that the map’s owner was less likely to engage in other, unrelated pro-environmental behaviors (e.g., water-saving efforts), despite evidence of the map owners’ engagement in numerous sustainable practices. Moreover, the effects on inferred behavioral intentions were mediated by users’ judgments of wildlife habitat quality represented on the map, and were moderated by respondents’ cat-ownership status. These results complement and extend past research on normative influence and halo effects in impression formation within the context of an environmentally focused social network.

Keywords: normative influence, norm violation, halo effect, citizen science, experiment, moderated mediation

Publication Type: Session Paper
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Social networking sites (SNS) are an increasingly popular channel for communication among college students. Often students disclose more freely via social networking sites than they would in other situations. These disclosures commonly include information about engaging in risky health behaviors (e.g., binge drinking, drugs, unsafe sex, etc.). The current study sought to examine students’ impression management goals and self-presentation tactics specifically related to self-disclosures of risky health behaviors on SNSs—specifically college drinking. Findings suggest that students use differing self-presentation tactics across various SNSs in order to achieve their impression management goals and to avoid consequences associated with disclosing about risky health behaviors to certain audiences.

Publication Type: Individual Paper Proposal
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Francesco Griffolini d’Arezzo (1420-65) is currently best known for his Latin prose translation of Homer’s Odyssey, but he also translated Greek patristic texts into Latin, including John Chrysostom’s 88 homilies on the Gospel of John (1459). First printed at Rome in 1470, Griffolini’s translation was first reprinted at Köln by Johannes Koelhoff before being incorporated into the first edition of Chrysostom’s Opera omnia (Venice, 1503), the basis for Erasmus’s influential Opera Chrysostomi (Basel, 1530). This paper demonstrates that Koelhoff, or an unknown scholar in his employ, significantly emended the received text of the 1470 edition by consulting a manuscript copy of Griffolini’s text. I discovered this editorial agency while developing the CLIO Project (http://hucodev.srv.ualberta.ca/cockcrof/clio/index.html), an Open Access resource that will provide transcriptions of all three Latin translations of Chrysostom’s Joannine homilies, including those of Burgundio da Pisa (1173), Griffolini (1459), and Bernard de Montfaucon (1728), along with Montfaucon’s Greek edition.

Publication Type: Research Paper
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This proposal presents a phenomenological study of 108 doctoral students regarding students’ perceptions of their advisors’ work-life balance (WLB) and doctoral students’ discussions of their school-work-life experiences with advisors. We depict four student-advisor communication patterns and describe how participants manage WLB impressions, with both concerning and positive outcomes for students.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This paper examines the ways that African Americans navigated their freedom in the confined landscape of the Union Army contraband camps. It considers how newly freed African American men contested impressment in the Union Army through a variety of forms of resistance. While some white Union Army soldiers fought not only to keep the Union together but also to end slavery, many Union Army soldiers did not see African Americans as their equal. How did limited freedom playout in the context of the contraband camps? What is the story of African Americans who fought against the threat of violence and oppression based on their refusal to provide their labor and service for the benefit of the Union Army?

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Theory suggests that when perceivers regard a target person as negative from a few observable characteristics, they form negative expectations about the target and respond to the target negatively based on their prior thoughts. Perceivers tend to confirm their negative expectations when they consider their target as a possible conversational partner, or when cognitively busy perceivers interact with the target in fact-to-face interaction.
This study examines how perceivers with initial negative expectations about their getting-acquainted chat partner develop their final expectations in text-based versus graphic-based settings, and which computer-mediated communication (CMC) environments exhibit higher attributional confidence in these expectations.
Two hundred and seven students were randomly assigned to participate in a 2 (dispositional vs. situational context) + 2 (Cognitively non-busy vs. cognitively busy condition) + 2 (text-based vs. graphic-based communication) factorial design experiment.
Results show that when participants attributed the target’s negative behaviors to the situational contexts, they perceived the target’s reactions to new people less negatively, as opposed to those who attributed the target’s negative actions to the target’s inherent dispositions, regardless of their cognitively busy states. On the other hand, participants formed negative expectations regarding the target’s reactions to a new relationship, regardless of what information they received and how distracted they were. There was no significant difference in attributional confidence for CMC by cognitive busyness conditions, but a near significant difference for the participants’ hours in a week using the Internet.
This study demonstrates that forming expectations about the person are moderated by what information perceivers receive and where perceivers obtain these messages. Although users receive visual messages through an avatar-based method, it may not be important to obtain attributional confidence in predicting the target’s personality. Further research using different messages in various environments and a revised cognitive busyness manipulation is encouraged.

Key words: Impression, Confirmation Bias, Cognitive Busyness, Avatar, Attribution, Confidence,

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: The study of media richness and its relationship with media selection has undergone change throughout is existence and has produced varying results. Initially, media richness for various media was thought to be static across users. The level of media richness of a medium was thought to dictate a degree of desirability for the use of such a medium in communication situations depending upon the equivocality of those situations. Later research demonstrated that media richness is not a static feature but more of a perception of a user. Both early and later research have strengths that aren’t shared. Given that throughout the research of media richness, the focus has always been on making a proper media decision based on the needs of a situation, the relational interpersonal communication competence framework offers a means by which the strengths of the early and later research of media richness may be combined. By means of an online questionnaire, interpersonal competence was shown to have a relationship with both early and later media richness research. Suggestions for future research involving media richness, interpersonal competence, and media selection are included.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: The current research suggests an alternative explanation for the third-person perception that is based on impression management motives. In the experiment that was devised to explore this suggestion, participants were asked to report in public or in private on their perceptions of how an undesirable message affected them and others. In addition, their level of self-monitoring was measured, and they were divided into high and low self-monitors. In line with the hypotheses, people showed a higher degree of TPP in public than in private. Moreover, while the public nature of the situation did not affect low self-monitors, high self-monitors reported a high degree TPP in public but no TPP at all in private. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of the current findings for research on the causes and consequences of the TPP.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: When parents are confronted about their children’s unhealthy lifestyles, parental responsibility and competence are questioned and made available for discursive negotiation. This paper uses discourse analysis to examine how twenty-five parents appearing on a reality television program about improving child wellbeing, "Honey We’re Killing the Kids," respond to an extreme threat to their “face” (Goffman, 1967): The program’s nutrition expert presents parents with computer-generated projections, or visual hypothetical narratives, that show their children physically developing into obese, unhealthy adults; further she blames the parents. Parents engage in “impression management” (Goffman, 1959) through accounting; specifically they create excuses and apologies by using “response cries” (Goffman, 1981), non-conclusive verbs, verbal avowals of emotion (Buttny, 1993), and emotional displays (e.g., crying). This study contributes to our understanding of parental impression management (especially on reality TV), of narrative responses as a locus of identity work, and of the role of affect in accounting practices.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Rationalist-realist explanations of strategic behavior in crisis and war assume that decision-makers are guided by power- and security-related interests. Psychological studies of conflict behavior emphasize deviations from rationality due to motivated and

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibility of changing negative impressions of people with AIDS in the sociology classroom. A foundations course in sociology was the basis for this exploration. The goals of the course were to develop the sociological imagination; develop critical thinking skills; better understand the role of theory and methods in critical thinking and the sociological imagination; apply the sociological imagination, critical thinking, and theory and methods to real-world issues; and develop scholarly writing techniques and oral presentation skills in the discipline of sociology. The real-world exemplar used in the course was HIV/AIDS. This paper examines the problem of HIV/AIDS stigma; describes efforts to change classroom attitudes toward marginalized groups; discusses the application of these methods in the course in question; and shares results of an attempt to change impressions of people with HIV/AIDS in a particular sociology classroom. Using data across four semesters (N=160), significant changes in impressions about people with AIDS were found. Significantly more positive and humanizing impressions were found at the end of the semester compared with the beginning of the semester. Implications of these findings for teaching and learning are discussed.

Publication Type: Internal Paper
Abstract: Since 1997, African American saxophonist and Paris resident David Murray has been leading the “Creole Project,” a collaboration between North American jazzmen and a group of Guadeloupean musicians known as the Gwo Ka Masters. Gwoka is a style of singing, drumming and dancing that developed among the French Caribbean island of Guadeloupe’s Afro-Creole population after the abolition of slavery. Since the late 1960s, the Guadeloupean nationalist movement has embraced gwoka and turned it into a marker of national specificity. Guadeloupean nationalist militants touted gwoka’s African origins and brandished the drum as a weapon of resistance against French imperialism. This meaning is broadened within the Creole Project. The gwoka drum becomes a liana that binds together members of the African diaspora across the Caribbean sea and the Atlantic ocean, the primeval pulse echoing through both cotton and sugar cane fields. Murray and his Guadeloupean collaborators approach the Creole Project as a sonic representation of a form of creoleness rooted in the shared memory of the Middle Passage.
While Murray explored creole and diasporic musical connections, scholars in the fields of history, anthropology, and ethnomusicology were busy investigating creolization’s potential to describe global processes of cultural exchange and identity formations. In particular, French sociologist Denis-Constant Martin used the concept of creolization developed by Martinican philosopher Edouard Glissant in response to Ron Radano’s challenge to rid jazz of its racial imagination. Through creolization, Martin offered an analytical frame that allows jazz scholars to acknowledge both jazz’s roots in the African diaspora and its capacity to blend with countless local musical traditions around the world.
This paper analyzes the conflicting meanings of creolization to jazz musicians and scholars. What appeal does creolization hold for both groups? Can it really transcend jazz’s racial imagination, as Martin has argued, or does it in fact become a way of capturing the complexity and multiplicity of the African American experience while reinforcing claims of racial authenticity?
Using interviews with the musicians involved in the Creole Project, I argue that a strategy of representation based on creolization masks important power inequalities between Guadeloupean and North American artists. I further demonstrate that these inequalities are audible in the group’s recorded output. I conclude that creolization not only fails to rid jazz of the racial imagination, it also does not provide an adequate tool for the analysis of global musical collaborations.

Publication Type: Individual Presentation
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: At its core, God Don’t Like Ugly and He Damn Sure Ain’t Impressed With Pretty challenges race, class, and gender as a narcissistic system of disassociation that collectively produces, transmits, and, territorializes normative codes Departing from Sojourner Truth’s infamous question “Ar’nt I a Woman?” God Don’t Like Ugly is a testimonial that interrupts prepackaged ideology naturalized through artificial indices like dark, black, female as an assumed identity leaving little more to the imagination than a contrived reality. This performance intersects nation/race, rank/gender, and, belonging/class to examine social pathology and the creation of lack. The aim is not to “resurrect the truth,” but to articulate the concepts poor, black, and, woman in a context that permits subjectivity otherwise denied in the editorial prerogatives of professional discourse. As a catalyst for a discussion with the audience following, God Don’t: Like Ugly offers an opportunity to interrogate active bodies of meanings constructed in identity particularly that of Black Women in an age where nostalgia/collusion and change/resistance are at odds in the objectifying I/i (Trinh Minh-ha) of culture and the personal specifics of the subject.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This study tests whether women’s clothing choices are predicted by cycling ovulatory fertility, relationship status, and sexual experience. Clothing is an important element of interpersonal communication because it is one of the most common nonverbal messages used to form first impressions of another. Previous research has found that the hormonal changes associated with ovulation motivate women to choose more attractive, sexy, seductive clothing. In the present study, pictures of women’s bodies depicting the clothing they wore to the lab were evaluated by another sample in terms of how attractive and revealing their outfits were, as well as the estimated time it took for them to dress. Findings show that fertility status and relationship status, but not sexual status, significantly predict how attractive and revealing women’s outfits were perceived. But, the current findings are counter to the findings of previous research. Explanations for this discrepancy are discussed.

Publication Type: Non-Refereed Research Abstract
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Time pressure induces stress states and creates a need to cope with the limited time. This research explores the impacts of time pressure on decision makers’ decision strategy and examines how heavier reliance on financial graphs (both fair and distorted representations) with and without time pressure affects risky financial decisions.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This research presents qualitative findings from three focus groups with 31 community stakeholders to ascertain their views about the issue and recommendations for community responses. It examines whether or not service providers and criminal justice personnel are aware of the extent and nature of the problem and what actions they recommend the community should take to address the problem.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Social information processing theory claims that computer-mediated communication users form impressions of others they encounter on the Web by taking heuristic cues available in the environment. As social media offer various cues from the sides of both the target and unknown others, however, the way people utilize cues on the Web also has become more complex. This study explored which among these multiple cues primarily influenced CMC users in their impression formation processes in the context of a political candidate’s Facebook profile. Based on social identification model of deindividuation, we particularly examined if and how the shared group identities in terms of age and sex influenced the cue-taking dynamics. Participants (N=544) were randomly assigned into one of the 16 conditions (2: positive vs. negative valence of others’ comments on the candidate by 2: younger vs. older commenters’ age by 2: candidate’s age by 2: candidate’s sex) and exposed to a Facebook profile with a fictitious candidate’s photo and two comments with the commenters’ photos before responding to a questionnaire measuring their impressions of the candidate (i.e., attractiveness and competence of the candidate, and participants’ feelings toward the candidate). The results showed that others’ comments were the most influential cues for all three dimensions of the impression, and that age or gender similarity between the candidate and the participants influenced mainly the perceived attractiveness the candidate. The 3-way and 4-way interactions indicated how complex the cue-taking dynamics on social media could become and prompted further research on the underlying mechanism.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This paper uses an experimental design to investigate the processing of social events within the Arabic language culture, and differences in event processing between American and Arabic language cultures. We use multilevel data that enable us to investigate the degree of cultural consensus in event processing within our Arabic-speaking sample. These data allow us to offer the first investigation into one of the core assumptions of affect control theory – the assumption that affective responses to social events are culturally shared. The results of hierarchical linear modeling suggest little variation between people in event processing, and do not support the need for different equations for men and women. . This paper is the first to estimate full impression change equations for the Arabic language and compare them to US English We find Arabic equations are simpler than the US English equations and that there are key differences across culture for the effects of behavior. For example, in the Arabic equations nice behaviors make actors seem more powerful, while the reverse is true in the US English equations. We conclude by suggesting verification studies are needed to determine the viability of these equations for future investigation.

Publication Type: Research-in-progress presentation
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: I am conducting participant interviews and qualitative analysis of Facebook profiles owned by homeless young adults to see if online impression management positively affects their stigmatized homeless identity.
Drawing from warrant theory, this research could contribute valuable insights into how social media use may be useful in building self-esteem, maintain social ties and minimize identity loss that is attributed to stigmatization.
Research has shown that homeless youth use technology and still practice routine of social media usage similarly to their teen college counterparts (Guadagno et al., 2012).
This work in progress is an attempt to explore how social media impression management capabilities, although limited to internet access, allows for the homeless individuals to maintain an identity, separate from the stigmatized identity.
To achieve this, I will perform a warrant evaluation of Facebook profiles using the lens model, which will evaluate the how participants perceive homeless individuals profiles and whether they can tell homeless from non-homeless profiles.
I expect that participants reviewing profiles will not be able to distinguish homeless from non-homeless individual and that homeless Facebook users will maintain an identity separate from their stigmatized homeless identity.

Publication Type: Individual Poster
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: First impressions play a fundamental role in everyday social life, from informing our thoughts to influencing our preferences. Despite decades worth of research demonstrating the power of first impressions, surprisingly little is known about their role in infancy. In the current study, we examined how first impressions guide infants’ evaluation of who is appealing and aversive.

Sixteen-month-olds (N = 22) sat on their parents’ lap before a table. Parents were instructed to sit quietly with their eyes closed throughout the study. Infants observed a positive and a negative action performed by the same character (henceforth, Puppet A), with merely the ordering of the information reversed between two groups. For one group of infants, Puppet A first appeared with a plate of crackers, which it offered to the infant (positive action); subsequently, Puppet A slammed the lid of a clear box containing a toy, which another puppet character (henceforth, Puppet B) was struggling to open (negative action). For the other group of infants, the negative action preceded the positive action. At test, infants were encouraged to choose between Puppet A and a character that behaved positively towards Puppet B (i.e., helped open the lid of the clear box containing a toy).

Infants who saw the positive action first reliably preferred Puppet A (10 of 11 infants, binomial probably test, p = .006). These choices differed significantly from those infants who saw the negative action first (Fisher’s exact test, p = .0237), where infants did not show a preference towards Puppet A (4 of 11 infants, binomial probability test, p = .887).

In total, our findings suggest that, even during the earliest stages of life, first impressions matter and play a pivotal role in guiding social preferences.

Publication Type: Internal Paper
Abstract: Philosophers of science have claimed that we have entered an era after the “century of the gene,” for the idea of the gene “is in considerable disarray,” to cite Evelyn Fox Keller’s 2010 phrase. Concurrently, a range of American Studies scholars are exploring the long history of embodiment in which bodies are seen as complex matrixes of affects, vitalities, and forces, rather than the discrete and coherent personhood enshrined by eighteenth-century liberal theorists as well as classical genetics. This talk contributes to this project by exploring dominant ideas of the relationship between human heredity and the environment in the United States in the decades prior to the discovery of the gene around 1900.

This talk theorizes the concept of impressibility, proposing that the notion of the human nervous system as an impressible, malleable entity in continuous interplay with its environment lies at the heart of nineteenth-century U.S. culture and politics. Drawing on accounts from phrenology, neurology, and child welfare reform, I explore how scientists, reformers, and writers alike saw themselves as working in concert with a neurobiological substrate that they conceived of, in its ideal form, as fluid, malleable, and forever in dynamic exchange with surrounding bodies, objects, and forces. Above all, I am interested in the political stakes of this impressible body. To what ends was the impressible nervous system enlisted? I show how theories and practices of the impressible body aimed to foster and manage the vitality of the population through complex technologies of biophilanthropy, or the deployment of sympathetic contact between members of the allegedly civilized races and the youth of the less evolved as the means to impress upon poor, racialized, immigrant, and other groups a more desirable set of heritable characteristics. According to this schema, a childhood spent barefoot in a Plains tipi impressed savage propensities upon the central and peripheral nervous system, whereas leather shoes, Protestant education, and a stick-frame house served as both the cause and effect of civilization. Overall, I reveal how impressibility discourse was an important strategy of biopolitical thinking as it took shape in the nineteenth-century United States. The talk contributes to the collaborative scholarly effort to develop analyses of biopolitics that capture the specifics of the U.S. context, in particular the institutions of settler colonialism, slavery, and the racial sciences.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: The current study examined how taboo conversational topics affected initial impression formation and task evaluation negatively with one hundred nine participants. In an experiment, each participant and her respective research confederate (the participant considered her another participant) had a brief conversation and were asked to complete a task. Conversational topics and task performance were manipulated. Perceived attractiveness, communication satisfaction and task evaluation were measured. The results showed that those who had appropriate conversational topics and performed well perceived better impression and task evaluation than those who had taboo topics. Implications and limitations were discussed.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Online support communities are popular and growing. However, newer social interaction features like content aggregation and scoring through “likes” and “upvotes” have changed how people give and evaluate social support. This study used content analysis to identify the posting strategies and narratives used by members of the weight loss subreddit /r/loseit, which uses content aggregation. A negative binomial regression revealed which strategies and narratives resulted in the most engagement with the content.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This study examined how Tinder users form impressions of others how these impressions influence their evaluation of a potential romantic partner. Twenty Tinder users each evaluated about 50 Tinder profiles, while explaining the reasoning behind their evaluations. The study shows that Tinder users evaluate profiles in a hierarchical order. Their first evaluation of a profile owner is based on physical appearance. If that does not lead to immediate dismissal of a profile, people then continue evaluating potential partners in terms of their subcultural identity, personality, cultural background and age. Moreover, Tinder users evaluate profiles in a hierarchical order: potential partners’ perceived physical attractiveness is assessed first, and evaluators subsequently make assumptions about other characteristics of the potential partner. Our study shows that in online dating, even on Tinder, impressions are not based on physical appearance alone, but that people use the available information to form complete impressions of others.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: While much academic research has considered the impact of large scale social media activity in the aggregate (Neuman et al., 2014; Papacharissi, 2015; Shah et al., 2015), less attention has been given to the psychological mechanisms involved in second screening—and to the evaluative consequences of interactive involvement on featured content. This study summarizes the results of two studies, the first conducted immediately after the 2008 U.S. presidential election and the second just before the 2016 election, in which users were placed in interactive political settings, then asked to chat or tweet during the presentation and evaluate the political figures depicted afterwards. Preliminary analysis of the 2008 data (reported below) indicates that interactive engagement evokes the sense of social presence, which in turn mediates political evaluations irrespective of what users actually say about the content presented on screen.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Legislators engage in a host of activities to develop a personal vote to ensure their reelection (Cain, Ferejohn, and Fiorina 1987). This includes crafting and communicating home styles when they travel to districts and constituencies where they share their representational accomplishments. In both the United States Congress and the British House of Commons, it is well accepted that House members and Members of Parliament assume particular representational roles, including constituent members, policy advocates, and institutional guardians (Fenno 1978; Searing 1994). Previous research demonstrates that U.S. Senators and House members allocate their official representational allowances to match their chosen representational role—and these decisions aid the member in crafting positive impressions among constituents (Parker and Goodman 2009; 2013). Building on this work, we combine new data on the business costs and expenses claimed by MPs obtained from the Independent Parliamentary Authority with the 2015 British Election Study to show that these expenditures positively shape the impressions of constituents. In particular, we demonstrate how costs associated with holding surgeries help MPs build positive reputations among citizens as constituent servants.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: When Donald Trump speaks of cities, he falls back into old hyperbole, as if trapped in another time, transfixed in the amber aftermath of the New York Fiscal Crisis of 1975. “Our inner cities are a disaster. You get shot going to the store. They have no education. They have no jobs.” (Wilkinson, 2017, para. 2). While Trump actually profited from this crisis, it also left an indelible impression on the city and the world, reverberating in austerity regimes, most recently in Detroit, Puerto Rico, and Greece (Phillips-Fein, 2017). Through a coordinated response, fiscal conservatives made an example of New York, the overleveraged city made to tighten its belt. Although multiple factors fed into the crisis, including white flight and globalization, the impression left by the crisis still serves as a curriculum for cities: cutback spending or face the consequences of austerity. In an attempt to turn the crisis into a financial allegory, President Ford sent New York’s mayor a public letter, “Every family which makes up a budget has to make painful choices. […] We must stop promising more and more services without knowing how we will cover their costs” (2017, p. 107). Given the complexity of the crisis, it is an oversimplified lesson, but the impression remains. The spirit of the crisis haunts the city, and it lingers in the archives.

Archives house more than the documents of the powerful because each collection carries impressions from the past. An impression marks the surface, forms a foggy notion, or leaves a trace behind (Derrida, 1995). In this paper, I draw upon and rework impressions from the Wadleigh Collection in the archives of the Schomburg Center for Research on Black Culture. Like impressions, traces fall somewhere between categories. In the Wadleigh Collection, I gather traces of accidental inclusions and undeniable impressions. Teachers, alumni, and families from Wadleigh Intermediate School created the Wadleigh Collection to justify the school’s continued existence in the face of persistent threats of closure related to enrollment, funding, or test scores. The collection relies on a defensive narrative, emphasizing the school’s historic architecture, longstanding scholar’s program, and celebrated history as a forerunner in the education of young women. Though this narrative serves a purpose, it requires the silence of others. This silencing is best exemplified by the accidental inclusion of a discarded political flyer related to Black Solidarity on the back of a vocabulary list from 1976, as if the flyer crept into the archive. Like any narrative, this narrative celebrating Wadleigh is a “bundle of silences” (Trouillot, 1995, p. 27), constituted by destruction (Derrida, 1995). Like traces and impressions, ghosts lie somewhere between, seemingly gone but still watching. Rather than hiding from or attempting to exorcise the ghosts of 1975, I take up Derrida’s (1993) challenge to learn to live with ghosts, gathering traces in the archive and deciphering impressions of Black Solidarity.

Publication Type: Symposium Paper
Abstract: After introducing impression management and its relationship to leadership, gender, and social media, the presenter will highlight the use of LinkedIn as an effective social media network for leadership, touching on the development of effective professional profiles that transcend gender issues and the sharing of business and industry news.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This study sought to address the question of why young consumers are willing to like, share, or comment on Facebook advertising. This study synthesizes three research streams through the extended impression management theory, which incorporates cognitive load, social risk, and brand engagement perspectives. An online survey was administered to 430 young adults across three universities. The findings revealed that self-esteem directly influenced Facebook advertising commenting behavior and indirectly influenced liking, sharing, and commenting behaviors through the serial mediation of brand engagement and actual self-brand connection. The results contribute to our understanding of Facebook advertising engagement by demonstrating that liking, sharing, and commenting on Facebook advertisements are not only done to build and maintain self-image. Young consumers also consider the levels of cognitive load and social risk and the degree to which the brands reflect the actual self to decide whether and how they will engage with Facebook advertising.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: An online experiment was conducted to understand how Facebook Birthday Fundraising helps enhance donation intent. Results revealed that social distance (proximal vs. distant) with friends does not directly affect willingness to donate to the Facebook Birthday Fundraising; however, the relationship between social distance and donation intent is mediated by altruistic motive and issue involvement. That is, individuals attribute the fundraising to altruistic motives when the fundraising is run by a socially close friend. Perceived altruistic motives then increase issue involvement to positively affect donation intent.

Publication Type: Research Paper
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This qualitative study is an examination of the use of self-promotion, a form of impression management, in annual reports of states with performance funding to gain an understanding of how self-promotion is deployed to position the value and impact of this funding model in the best possible light.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: University students were surveyed at the end of the first day of class to determine their initial impressions of their instructors and to find out what instructional behaviors led to those impressions. An additional group of university students reviewed tapes of the most and least effective teaching assistants from the surveyed classes. The majority of student responses, whether elicited via survey or tape analysis, focused on Communicative Competence (instructor’s overall speaking ability, verbal and nonverbal communication skills, ability to adapt material to the students’ knowledge level, level of clarity, organizational skills, and ability to generate interest). Students’ responses also focused on Concern for Students (instructor’s level of respect for students, immediacy and interactive skills, and level of flexibility) and other instructional features, but Communicative Competence behaviors seem more closely related to student evaluations, especially negative evaluations, of their instructors on the first day of class.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This paper describes the results of a study in which people interacting in a virtual environment were asked to answer open-ended questions regarding their impressions of their online teammates, and what cues present in their mediated interactions contributed to the creation of those impressions. Just over a third of the respondents reported that for various reasons they did not form impressions of their online teammates. However, as predicted by Social Information Processing theory, the majority of the respondents drew upon a variety of cues present in their online interactions to create impressions of their virtual teammates. As one survey respondent remarked so succinctly, “Based on chat threads, I picture short sentences coming from short people.”

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: We present subjects with pairs of pictures of unfamiliar political candidates from national Congressional elections. Each image is shown for a brief duration, and we ask the subjects in separate trials to judge which candidate looks more attractive, competent, deceitful, or threatening. We then compare the subjects' behavior with the actual election results. Preliminary results indicate that of these judgments, the perception of threat from these facial images can predict the loser in the corresponding election between the candidate pairs, and that the perception of competence depends upon the duration the stimuli are shown.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Analyses of the impact of negative campaigning on voter
turnout or vote choice assume that attacks by candidates and other
campaign spokespersons are actually registered by potential voters.
These perceptions, in turn, are seen as shaping voter mobilization
and/or candidate preferences. Inferences about the relationship between
content-analytic measures of negative campaigning and survey-based
outcome variables are likely to be distorted unless the first-stage
assumption holds. We gauge the empirical validity of the primary
assumption using daily measures of voters’ perceptions of campaign
negativity derived from the 2000 National Annenberg Election survey and
daily measures of the negativity of the campaign based on our content
analysis of New York Times coverage. We also use change-point analysis
to identify discrete shocks to aggregate perceptions of campaign
negativity. We find that variation over the course of the campaign in
the balance of attacks issued by either side was indeed significantly
related to variation in voters’ perceptions of which side was waging
the more negative campaign, and that the trend in the overall number of
attacks by the two sides was related to the trend in public perceptions
of how much effort the two sides were devoting to attacking each other.
However, discrete events introduced significant and substantive shocks
to aggregate perceptions of the negativity of the campaign. In
particular, media assessments of Gore’s campaigning and debating style
on the eve of the second debate produced a ten-point shift in the
percentage differential between those who perceived Gore or Bush as
more negative. Clearly, if we are to understand the effects of negative
campaigning on election outcomes, we need to take such shifts into
account.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Social information processing theory (Walther, 1992) states that people use whatever information is available to them in order to make impressions of others. One type of information that is increasingly available is avatars. Although avatars are defined as a graphical representation of onself in a virtual environment (Nowak, 2000), studies in this area have generally only looked at one type of avatar. This study examines different types of avatars: photographs, cartoon humans, and nonhumans and those created for task, social or physical attractiveness. It also examines the effects of impression formation context on judgments of uncertainty and attractiveness.
Two hundred and six participants observed ten online profiles they thought were created by other people in one of three conditions (a dating, social, or task condition). Each profile contained one of fifteen avatars. Participants responded to uncertainty and attraction scales for each “person” whose profile they saw. They also rated each “person” for how high they would rate them for the condition. Results show that both the type of avatar and the context of impression formation have effects on actual impression formation. These data highlight a need for future research examining these differences.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This paper was developed out of a larger project looking to discover the norms of when and why blue-collar organizational members use workplace humor. This paper summarizes the six significant contexts for when employees used workplace humor and argues that the employees accomplish specific goals depending on the context of the humorous interaction, as well as that individuals use humor to achieve several functions simultaneously. The paper argues that the blue-collar workers blurred the clear-cut boundaries between Goffman’s (1959) concept of front/back stage regions. The blue-collar employees consciously enacted specific types of humor that were linked to the physical context and audience in which the humor took place. In light of these findings, the paper concludes by pointing to the need for a more comprehensive approach for viewing workplace humor and offers several areas for future research on humor-in-action.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Uses and gratifications scholars have argued that media use motives determine media effects by influencing people’s involvement during media use. This study seeks to expand on studies linking motives to cognitive involvement and looks at the link between news use motives and people’s experience of outcome-, impression-, and value-relevant involvement during news use. The results suggest that motives for news use are related to people’s involvement in content and involvement is linked to cognitive activity.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Teaching students about the importance of the correlation between speaker credibility and first impressions is often times a challenge. In an effort to showcase this very important correlation in the public speaking classroom, I have developed a role playing activity which actively engages students in the learning process. This interactive activity is divided into five sections and can easily be delivered in a one hour class session.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Syntactic indeterminacy suggests that photographs are less explicit than textual statements, thus textual statements are not expected to as strongly influence impressions; however, a competing perspective suggests that photographs—because of the greater degree of mental engagement that is required to assess them—may be more influential than textual cues. This study reports the results of two experiments that explore the effect of syntactic indeterminacy on online social cue weight. Study 1 suggested that introverted textual cues more strongly influenced extraversion perceptions than introverted photographic cues, but there was no difference between extraverted photographic and textual depictions when presented alone. The second experiment extended the findings of study 1 by presenting introverted and extroverted photographic and textual statements in the context of a Facebook profile. Results indicated that photographs more strongly influenced judgments of extroversion, while textual self-disclosures had an influence on extraversion judgments when accompanied by low extroversion photographs.

Publication Type: Session Paper
Abstract: This paper dissects Governor Palin as a depthless subject. Rather than regarding her as a hockey mother, a lipsticked canine, or a movement conservative, it suggests that she is, instead, a sign of nothing at all--that she is the embodiment of suburbanality and mall culture, with all its autotelic measures and norms. I shall draw on my new book Makeover Nation: The United States of Reinvention (2008) to locate the Governor within the US population more broadly and its depthlessness.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This study examined discursive and visual anonymity on corporate blogs, and the relationship between bloggers’ degree of anonymity and their use of organizational impression management (OIM) tactics. Content analysis of forty-nine corporate blogs revealed corporate bloggers tended to provide some profile information on blogs and only a small portion of them did not provide any profile information. The largest number of blog entries was posted by bloggers using a full real name with further information. Around a half of the entries were posted by corporate bloggers who did not use photos. When they provided actual photos, bloggers tended to provide mostly face shots. There were gender and position differences regarding bloggers’ degree of both discursive and visual anonymity. Findings also suggest that higher degrees of either discursive or visual anonymity were related to less likelihood of using ingratiation tactics and greater likelihood of using organizational promotion and burnishing tactics.

Publication Type: Abstract
Abstract: Artists have long used corporeal material in their work as both a tool (excrement as paint, for example) and a conceptual metaphor, one intended to signify the person of the artist or the work of production, to question the very nature of art and its exteriority as outside or beyond the body. The use of bodily tissue in contemporary bio-art makes possible a kind of anatomical witness by presenting and representing a body that is simultaneously an object of science and the subject of human experience - a body at once biology and biography. Marc Quinn’s "Self" and Christine Borland’s "HeLa" reveal and call into question the scientific processes through which human tissues (blood, cells, DNA) are, according to Michael Lynch, “rendered” or made visible as specimen data (Lynch 1985). Through what I term a synecdochic impression, these works bear witness to the body’s complex materiality and invite us to re-imagine the relationships between medical technology, anatomical inscriptions, and bodily experience. Quinn’s use of his own blood to sculpt a self-portrait and Borland’s use of the controversial Hela cells (originally derived from Henrietta Lacks) operate scientifically and artistically as representations that become the referent. Composed of human tissue, these works represent “the body” while being of the body. Drawing on work in art history (specifically, theories of representation and, in particular, portraiture) and science and technology studies (of scientific visualization), this presentation will demonstrate how bio-art complicates the substitutional notions of representation and the synecdochic rhetoric of bodily material.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Media has always played an important role in legal consciousness and legal professional’s public image. This function is especially critical to the newly-developed legal profession of Chinese criminal lawyers, as it faces a traditional value system of criminal justice and an inchoate modern criminal system. However, research of lawyer’s public image has been curiously scattered.
In this paper, I explore the image of criminal defense lawyer on the media from the reestablishment of Chinese legal profession in 1979 by conducting content analysis of criminal cases in the newspaper. I select six newspapers of variated focus and target audience: the People’s Daily, Southern Weekend, Dahe News, Procuratorial Daily, YunNan Legal Daily, and Chinese Lawyers . I argue that Chinese criminal procedures regulation fundamentally shape the image of lawyer represented in the media. The predicament of Chinese criminal defense lawyers is reflected on the limited coverage and the flat-and-dry image of lawyers in criminal case news reports. The voice of lawyers is thus buried by the action of powerful GongJianFa complex, which is usually the main source of media report. At the same time, the deeply-rooted value system of substantial justice and presumption of guilty conflicts with lawyer's role in protecting the suspect's judicial rights in modern criminal system. As a result, criminal defense lawyers are portrayed in a dichotomized way according to media's judgment on the cases.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Fieldworkers must make choices about what to disclose about themselves and their projects to research participants while conducting ethnographic fieldwork. These choices can significantly affect what sorts of data they will be able to gather and can also influence the quality of that data. Negotiating this dynamic in settings with multiple audiences (in our cases, both staff and residents of social service organizations) can be even more challenging, and presents researchers with unique ethical dilemmas. Here, we use our experiences doing fieldwork at a battered women's shelter and residential substance abuse treatment facility to 1) illustrate how we engaged in strategic impression management with staff and residents at our respective sites in order to facilitate and maintain access to each group, and 2) the serious consequences for some groups of participants if we had shared our developing research interests, analyses, or findings with our participants along the way. We suggest that in some cases it may be inappropriate to take one’s findings back to the field, and that strict adherence to bureaucratic procedures of informed consent and ethical conduct may at times obscure the real possible harms to participants and researchers alike. We encourage other researchers to think critically about these issues before entering a new field site, and throughout the research process.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Nationally there has been a growing amount of research on intimate partner abuse between adults. Recently, research efforts to focus on youth intimate partner violence have become a national issue. This research is part of a larger project assessing the community response toward intimate violence among high school students. This study uses qualitative data from interviews with youth to explore the gendered perceptions youth have about the issue, definitions of acceptable behavior, and the frequency of occurrence.

Publication Type: Individual Paper
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This study reveals how the use of English among Kuwait University students reflects an ideological shift in the links between language, culture, and identity. This presentation will explore how and why this ideology has developed as well as the implications of this perspective for the English language classroom.

Publication Type: Panel Paper
Abstract: This paper examines the narratives of Russian repatriates from China who returned in 1947 and 1954-1956 from China about their first encounter with Soviet Russia living in Soviet Russia. It discusses how they juxtaposed themselves to their "fellow" countrymen and women and constructed a new ethnicity.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Research has shown that people often make immediate appraisals of stimulus objects, including political candidates. While in some cases such early impressions can be changed as new information is acquired, other studies suggest that people are likely to confirm their initial attitudes. We investigate the extent to which first impressions condition information search patterns and candidate evaluations by using Dynamic Process Tracing software to observe the information search behavior of subjects asked to learn about three hypothetical political candidates. Our study design results in “as if” random assignment of participants to positive, negative, and neutral first impressions, allowing us to address two key questions. First, does the initial impression about a candidate affect the amount and type of information a subject subsequently seeks about the politician? And second, to what extent does further information acquisition mitigate the impact of first impressions on final candidate evaluations?

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This paper examines modern day resume writers' communication patterns across the traditional printed resume and the online LinkedIn profile. Previous research indicates there is a great deal of disagreement about what constitutes lying, embellishment, and impression management in resume writing. Additionally, a significant number of studies on LinkedIn have been conducted exclusively with student populations who may have limited professional experience to draw upon while making personal judgments about resume composition. A survey was conducted with over 305 adults ranging in age from 18 – 64 years old with a mean age of 37 and 11.64 years of experience in their industry of employment.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Using data from a qualitative mixed-methods research study, I discuss the impression management strategies that men and women chemists-in-training use to navigate expertise within their research groups. I find that men are more likely than women to employ interactional styles that feature their expertise when in group situations, while women are more likely to minimize theirs. Specifically, I discuss peer-to-peer challenges, gender differences in self-deprecating comments, and the use of clothing as impression management strategies.

Publication Type: Paper (prepared oral presentation)
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: When we imagine a political activist, the picture that comes to mind is of someone devoted to the cause, someone who is zealous about politics. Yet, is it always the case? Are there different types of involvement when it comes to political participation?
Johnson and Eagly have suggested more than two decades ago that, generally, there are several types of involvement – value oriented, outcome oriented and impression oriented. Value oriented involvement referred to involvement that comes from a deep need of a person to express his or her values; outcome oriented involvement refers to involvement that comes from a need to change reality. Those two types of involvements resemble what were traditionally considered as the motivations for political participation. Yet, the third type, impression oriented involvement, was not studied in this context, making it the most interesting one. Impression oriented involvement refers to involvement that comes from a need to secure one’s self-presentation.
This study’s aim is, therefore, to test if value oriented, outcome oriented and impression oriented involvement yield higher political participation.
To test this hypothesis an Internet survey on Israeli Jews during the 2013 election campaign was conducted (N=440). The results showed that those who reported that the election has immediate implications on their lives (outcome); those who reported that the election is an opportunity to express values important to them (value); and those who reported that the way they behave with regards to the election will influence the way other people see them (impression), all reported higher participation rates in election related activities. Interestingly, while value and outcome involvement increased all actions including turnout, impression involvement had no effect on turnout, suggesting that those how take political actions in order to enhanced their self-presentation are only interested in actions taken in public.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Team-based knowledge workers face increasingly complex dilemmas in their work due to their need to manage large amounts of information and increasingly busy work schedules, the fact that they manage information and relationships through multiple media channels, and their need to accomplish and balance multiple goals. This is likely to motivate political behavior to navigate such dilemmas; however, research on technology use in teams has only given cursory attention to the role played by impression management in knowledge work. Based on data from 91 semi-structured interviews and observations from six project teams operating in the consumer health, insurance, and engineering industries located in Sweden and the United States, we explore three impression management dimensions (task management, image management, and relationship management) motivating media use. We further unpack how these dimensions are adopted through four political tactics used dialectically by managers and team members to differentially impact media use. Our findings reveal that managers and subordinates take advantage of the affordances of various media to accomplish diverse and often dialectically opposed role-based goals. We discuss how these tactics complement and extend theory on impression management, knowledge work and media use in teams.

Publication Type: Session Paper
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: The emergent phenomenon of subtweeting denotes using a micro-blogging platform to refer to another social networking site (SNS) user without giving his/her name (Parkinson, 2014). This study investigates, within the context of SNSs, the influence of post valence and directness (about another user) on onlookers’ impressions of source and message, and their willingness to relate. Using Face Theory (Goffman, 1967) and Social Information Theory (SIP; Walther, 1992) as frames, we hypothesized that positive valence messages and their sources would be perceived more favorably when compared with negative valence messages. Results of an experiment provided support for the hypothesis. Mostly, impressions did not differ as a function of post directness, but there were significant valence by directness interaction effects, indicating a directness advantage in the case of positive, but not negative, SNS messages about other people. We present implications for Face Theory, politeness, and SIP, and practical guidance for SNS users.

Publication Type: Roundtable Paper
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Mass incarceration in America extends beyond the incarcerated to the families and communities that their lives touch. Families of inmates experience collateral consequences of imprisonment emotionally, physically, and financially. Additionally, families must deal with the stigma of having a family member in prison. This study uses a qualitative content analysis to explore an online chat forum of prison family members discussing their experiences. Specifically, the study will explore how women who are marrying incarcerated men define and manage their experiences as they deal with the collateral consequences of becoming the wife of an inmate.

Publication Type: Roundtable Paper
Abstract: The present study utilized in-depth qualitative interviews with 38 support partners of registered sex offenders across two sex offender treatment programs. Findings revealed that there were three primary areas of perceptions that support partners had concerning sex offender registration and notification policies, all of which suggested that such laws were ineffective strategies for sex offender management. Limitations, directions for future research, and corresponding policy implications are discussed.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Through this paper I provide an overview of the theoretical framework for performance research called an aesthetic of relationality. As a response to calls from arts-based researchers for more critically threaded and theoretically grounded approaches to arts-based research, an aesthetic of relationality can be understood as a space where artist-researchers engage in an embodied, imaginative and foolish relationship within time among things and other people, including research participants/community members, artist/social/health researchers, and audience members. An aesthetic of relationality embraces a multi-faceted approach to exploration beyond text and cognitive engagement and asks us to deeply consider, in our bodies, not just what we think about certain ideas or how we might analyze intellectually, but what we feel and sense about them and how these feelings and senses extend to our actions. I draw on the performance research project 'Cracked: new light on dementia' to frame my discussion.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Compared to organizational identity and reputation, organizational image has received less attention from researchers. We ask the questions: to what extent do firms employ different impression management tactics to manage their image, and how do firms’ projected images affect perceived images by specific audiences? We make an important contribution to the literature on impression management by proposing a typology of three strategies (transactional, prosocial, and damage control) for managing images that is based on the extent to which top managers attempt to address either current or past crises. We examine the degree to which firms’ strategies influence how one particularly important audience (mass media) perceives these images. We investigate the impression management strategies used by oil companies to respond to the 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill using automated text analysis to create innovative measures of desired and perceived images. Preliminary analyses support our propositions and suggest a number of promising directions for future research.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This study conceptually defines narcissism as having an inflated self-image and a feeling of entitlement over others through exhibitionistic behaviors resulting from a failure in regulating self-respect and other respect in social interaction. Empirically, the study examined the relationship between narcissism and self-presentation. Participants (N = 178) responded to questionnaires measuring narcissism, self-presentation tactics, dominance, perspective-taking, and self-esteem. Multiple measures of narcissism, self-presentation, and dominance were included. Narcissism had significantly positive associations with all Self Presentation Influence Tactics’ (SPIT) Ratings– self-promotion, ingratiation, intimidation, and supplication. However, in the coded self-presentation responses, narcissism was positively related with the use of intimidation tactics and not the other tactics. Compared with the new narcissism scale, the shortened Margolis-Thomas Measure of Narcissism (MT) scale seems to show pathological aspect of narcissism with respect to association with self-esteem and perspective taking.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Whereas childcare responsibilities are temporary, relationships with children are lifelong. This study examines how parents’ satisfaction with their partners’ relationships with offspring (i.e., “partner-child relationship satisfaction”) influences marital satisfaction, how this compares to the influence of satisfaction with the division of childcare, and how these processes work differently by gender. The author theorizes that partner-child relationship satisfaction shapes marital satisfaction through “impression spillover,” whereby one’s feelings about a relationship between other individuals transfer into feelings about one’s own relationship with one of those individuals. Hypotheses are tested with fixed effects regression using matched-partner data from four waves of the HILDA Survey (N=3,804 person-years). Findings suggest that partner-child relationship satisfaction is associated with marital satisfaction, especially among women. Women’s marital satisfaction is influenced more by partner-child relationship satisfaction than by division of childcare satisfaction, whereas for men, there is little distinction between the two associations. Findings offer support for impression spillover.

Publication Type: Extended Abstract
Abstract: The multiplicity of venues that the Internet offers for social interaction has led to a sustained body of research in computer-mediated communication (CMC), with a prominent body of scholarship examining the efficacy of distinct non-verbal cues that can help CMC approximate the feel of face-to-face (FtF) communication. One such cue that enjoys ubiquitous use in several online communication environments is the emoticon. Despite their prominent presence, however, little experimental research has examined the psychological effects of emoticons in popular online scenarios. We examine the interplay of emoticons with the gender of the person using them and also explore whether the type of topic under consideration makes a difference. We report results from a fully crossed, 2 (emoticons present, emoticons absent) X 2 (male, female) X 2 (serious topic, non-serious topic) between-subjects factorial experiment (N = 120) and show that the experimental manipulations have an influence on impression-formation, affect, and cognition. The findings have theoretical implications for CMC research and offer a promising direction for future inquiry.